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Hangisi Gerçek Defne Yaprağı Uçucu Yağı?

Year 2018, Volume: 20 Issue: 3, 477 - 485, 15.12.2018

Abstract

Bu çalışmada ticari olarak satın alınan onbir
adet defne yaprağı uçucu yağı ile laboratuvar koşullarında hidrodestilasyon
yöntemi ile elde edilen taze ve kurutulmuş defne yaprağı uçucu yağlarının
kimyasal yapıları GC-FID ve GC-MS ile analiz edilmiştir. Analizler sonucunda
dokuz ayrı uçucu  yağın kimyasal yapısı
aynı bulunurken, üç yağ tamamen farklı bulunmuştur. Uçucu yağlardan birinde ise
% 85 oranında isopropil alkol bulunmuştur. 1.8-sineol (% 47.5-59.1) taze
örnekler ve bazı yağlarda ana bileşen olarak tespit edilirken, α-terpinilasetat
(% 4,7-10,7), sabinen (%2.8-10.4) ve α-pinen (% 5,02-7,25) diğer önemli
bileşenlerdir. Diğer bir örneğe ait kimyasal içerik, uçucu yağın defne
meyvesine ait olduğunu ve % 33,5 linoleic ve % 30,2 oleic asit içerdiğini
göstermiştir. Genel olarak, oksijenli monoterpenhidrokarbonların (% 68,5-77,5)
oranı fenilpropanoidlere (% 0,43-2,41) göre yüksek bulunmuştur. Bu da incelenen
defne uçucu yağlarının tıbbi amaca daha uygun olduğunu göstermektedir. Ticari
olarak tedarik edilen yağların p-simen oranı % 1,49-6,71 arasında bulunmuştur.
Bu durum uçucu yağların beklemiş olduğunu göstermektedir.

References

  • Acar I (1987). Defne yaprağı ve yaprak eterik yağının üretilmesi ve değerlendirilmesi, Ormancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Yayınları, Teknik bülten serisi no.186. Ankara.
  • Amalina N, Natanamurugaraj G, Mashitah M Y, Nurul Ashikin AK (2013). Chemical composition, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Essential oil Syzgium polyanthum (Wight) Walp. Proceedings of the ICNP, 4:139.
  • Anşin R, Özkan ZC (1993). Tohumlu Bitkiler Odunsu Taksonlar, KTÜ Orman Fakültesi Genel yayın no 167,Trabzon.
  • Bayramoğlu B, Sahin S, Gulum S (2009). Extraction of Essential Oil from Laurel Leaves by using Microwaves. Seperation Science and Technology, 44:722-733.
  • Bozkurt A.Y, Erdin N (1995). İğne yapraklı ve yapraklı ağaç odunlarında tanıtım özellikleri (Odun Anatomisi II) İstanbul Üniversitesi Yayın No.3907, Fen Bilimleri Enst.Yayın No.6 İstanbul.
  • Caputo L, Nazzaro F, Souza L.F, Aliberti L, De Martino L, Fratianni F, Coppola R, De Feo V (2017). Laurus nobilis: Composition of Essentail Oil and its Biological Activities. Molecules, 22: 930.
  • Demirbas A (2010). Biodiesel from Bay Laurel Oil via Compressed methanol Trans esterification. Energy Sources, Part A, 32. 1185-1194.
  • Fiorini C, Fouraste I, David B, Bessiere J.M (1997). Composition of the Flower, Leaf and Stem essential oils from Laurus nobilis L. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 12: 91-93.
  • Karık Ü, Çiçek F, Oğur E, Tutar M, Ayas F (2015). Türkiye Defne (Laurus nobilis L.) Populasyonlarının Uçucu yağ Bileşenleri. Journal of Aegean Agricultural Research Institue, 25(1):1-16.
  • Kılıç A (2008). Uçucu Yağ Elde Etme Yöntemleri. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt.10 Sayı.13,37-45.
  • Kilic A, Hafızoğlu H, Kollmannsberger H, Nitz S (2004). Volatile Constituents and Key Odorants in leaves, Buds, Flowers and Fruits of Laurus nobilis L. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 52:1601-1606.
  • Lira P.D.L, Retta D, Tkacik E, Ringuelet J, Coussio J.D, van Baren C, Bandoni A.L (2009). Essential oil and by-product of distilation of Bay Leaves (Laurus nobilis L.) from Argentina. Industrial Crops and Products, 30: 259-264.
  • Ivanovic J, Misic D, Ristic M, Pesic O, Zizovic I (2010). Supercritical CO2 extract and essential oil of bay (Laurus nobilis L.) chemical composition and antibacterial activity. Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, 75(3): 395-404.
  • Marzouki H, Piras A, Marongiu B, Rosa A, Dessi M.A (2008). Extraction and Seperation of Volatile and Fixed Oils from Berries of Laurus nobilis L. by Supercritical CO2. Molecules, 13: 1702-1711.
  • Marzouki H, Medini H, Khaldi A, Khouja M.L, Piras A, Giordano E, Cordeddu L, Banni S, Marongiu B, Bouzid S (2009). Fatty acid composition, Essential Oil and Antibacterial Activity of Berries of Laurus nobilis L. JEOBP, 12(4): 422-434.
  • Mir S R, Ali M, Kapoor R (2004). Chemical composition of essential oil of Cinnamomum tamala Nees of et Eberm. Flavour and Franges Journal, 19: 112-114.
  • Özcan M, Chalchat J.C (2005). Effect of Different Locations on the Chemical Composition of Essential Oils of Laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) Leaves Growing Wild in Turkey. Journal of Medicinal Food, 8(3): 408-411.
  • Parry W (1969). Spices, Morhology-Histology-Chemistry, Vol.II, London.
  • Peris I, Blazquez M.A (2015). Comparative GC-MS Analysis of Bay Leaf (Laurus nobilis L.) Essential Oils in Commercial Samples. International Journal of Food Properties, 18: 757-762.
  • Politeo O, Jukić M, Miloš M (2007). Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Free Volatile Aglycones from Laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) Compared to its Essential Oil. Croatica Chemica Acta, 80(1), 121-126.
  • Pragadheesh VS, Yadav A, Singh SC, Gupta N, Chanotiya CS (2013). Leaf essential oil of cultivated Pimenta racemose (Mill.) J.W.Moore from North India : Distributian of Phenylpropanoids and Chiral Terpenoids, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 2(1): 1-4.
  • Reyes-Jurado F, Franco-Vega A, Ramirez-Corona N, Palou E, Lopez-Malo A ( 2015). Essential oils: Antimicrobial Activities, Extraction Methods, and Their Modeling, Food Enginering Review, 7.275-297.
  • Sangwan N.S, Farooqi A.H.A, Shabih F, Sangwan R.S (2001). Regulation of essential oil production in plants. Plant growth Regulation, 34:3-21.
  • Sangun M.K, Aydın E, Timur M, Karadeniz H, Çalışkan M, Özkan A (2007). Comparison of chemical composition of the essential oil of Laurus nobilis L. leaves and fruits from different regions of Hatay, Turkey. Journal of Enviromental Biology, 28(4): 731-733.
  • Sellami I.H, Wannes W.A, Bettaieb I, Berrima S, Chahed T, Marzouk B, Limam F (2011). Qualitative and quantitative changes in the essential oil of Laurus nobilis L. leaves as affected by different drying methods. Food Chemistry, 126: 691-697.
  • Simic A, Sokovic M.D, Ristic M, Grujic-Jovanovic S, Vukojevic J, Marin P. D (2004). The Chemical Composition of Some Lauraceae Essential Oils and Their Antifungal Activities. Phtotherapy Research, 18: 713-717.
  • Tabanca N, Avonto C, Wang M, Parcher J F, Ali A, Demirci B, Raman V, Khan I (2013). Comparative investigation of Umbellularia californica (Hook.&Arn.) Nutt.Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 61: 12283-12291.
  • Tucker A O, Maciarello A M, Hill M (1992). Litsea glaucescens Kunth (Lauracea): Mexican bay. Economic Botany 46(1): 21-24.
  • Turek C, Stintzing F.C (2013). Stability of Essential Oils: A Review. Comprenhensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 12: 40-53. TS 2134 Baharat Rutubet Miktarının Tayini, Türk Standartları Enstitüsü, 2008.
  • Verdian-rizi M, Hadjiakhoondi A (2008). Essential Oil Composition of Laurus nobilis L. of Different Growth Stages Growing in Iran. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung, 63(11-12): 785-788.
  • URL-1; https://www.ogm.gov.tr/ekutuphane/Yayınlar/Defne_Eylem_Plani.pdf. Son giriş: 24.05.2018.
  • Yilmaz E.S, Timur M, Aslim B (2013). Antimicrobial, Antioxidant Activity of the Essential oil of Bay Laurel from Hatay, Turkey. TEOP, 16(1); 108-116.
  • Yilmaz B., Deniz I (2017). The Effects of cultivation area and altitude variation on the composition of the essential oil of Laurus nobilis I. Grown in Eastern, Western and Central Karadeniz Region. International Journal of Secondary Metabolite, 4; 187-194.

Which is the Real Bay Leaf Essential Oil?

Year 2018, Volume: 20 Issue: 3, 477 - 485, 15.12.2018

Abstract

In this study, chemical analysis of eleven trade
bay leaf essential oil and essential oils obtained by hydrodistilation in the
laboratory were done by GC-FID and GC-MS. Chemical composition of  nine bay leaf essential oil were found the
same while three bay leaf essential oil were totally different. In one of the
samples, the amount of isopropyl alcohol was 85%. In the fresh bay leaf oil and
in some trade marks 1.8-cineol (47.5-59.1 %) was found to be the major compound
while α-terpinylacetat ( 4,7-10,7%), sabinen (2.8-10.4%) and α-pinen
(5,02-7,25%) were the other dominant compounds. In one of the trade samples the
results indicate that it is the bay-fruit essential oil not leaf with the
composition of 33,5% linoleic acid and 30,2 % oleic acid. Generally, the amount
of oxygenated monoterpenhydrocarbons (68,5-77,5%) was higher compared to
phenylpropanoids (0,43-2,41%). These results showed that analyzed essential
oils were suitable for medical usage. p-cymen (1,49-6,71%) ratio was higher in
the trade marks  which indicated that
these oils were degraded.

References

  • Acar I (1987). Defne yaprağı ve yaprak eterik yağının üretilmesi ve değerlendirilmesi, Ormancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Yayınları, Teknik bülten serisi no.186. Ankara.
  • Amalina N, Natanamurugaraj G, Mashitah M Y, Nurul Ashikin AK (2013). Chemical composition, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Essential oil Syzgium polyanthum (Wight) Walp. Proceedings of the ICNP, 4:139.
  • Anşin R, Özkan ZC (1993). Tohumlu Bitkiler Odunsu Taksonlar, KTÜ Orman Fakültesi Genel yayın no 167,Trabzon.
  • Bayramoğlu B, Sahin S, Gulum S (2009). Extraction of Essential Oil from Laurel Leaves by using Microwaves. Seperation Science and Technology, 44:722-733.
  • Bozkurt A.Y, Erdin N (1995). İğne yapraklı ve yapraklı ağaç odunlarında tanıtım özellikleri (Odun Anatomisi II) İstanbul Üniversitesi Yayın No.3907, Fen Bilimleri Enst.Yayın No.6 İstanbul.
  • Caputo L, Nazzaro F, Souza L.F, Aliberti L, De Martino L, Fratianni F, Coppola R, De Feo V (2017). Laurus nobilis: Composition of Essentail Oil and its Biological Activities. Molecules, 22: 930.
  • Demirbas A (2010). Biodiesel from Bay Laurel Oil via Compressed methanol Trans esterification. Energy Sources, Part A, 32. 1185-1194.
  • Fiorini C, Fouraste I, David B, Bessiere J.M (1997). Composition of the Flower, Leaf and Stem essential oils from Laurus nobilis L. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 12: 91-93.
  • Karık Ü, Çiçek F, Oğur E, Tutar M, Ayas F (2015). Türkiye Defne (Laurus nobilis L.) Populasyonlarının Uçucu yağ Bileşenleri. Journal of Aegean Agricultural Research Institue, 25(1):1-16.
  • Kılıç A (2008). Uçucu Yağ Elde Etme Yöntemleri. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt.10 Sayı.13,37-45.
  • Kilic A, Hafızoğlu H, Kollmannsberger H, Nitz S (2004). Volatile Constituents and Key Odorants in leaves, Buds, Flowers and Fruits of Laurus nobilis L. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 52:1601-1606.
  • Lira P.D.L, Retta D, Tkacik E, Ringuelet J, Coussio J.D, van Baren C, Bandoni A.L (2009). Essential oil and by-product of distilation of Bay Leaves (Laurus nobilis L.) from Argentina. Industrial Crops and Products, 30: 259-264.
  • Ivanovic J, Misic D, Ristic M, Pesic O, Zizovic I (2010). Supercritical CO2 extract and essential oil of bay (Laurus nobilis L.) chemical composition and antibacterial activity. Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, 75(3): 395-404.
  • Marzouki H, Piras A, Marongiu B, Rosa A, Dessi M.A (2008). Extraction and Seperation of Volatile and Fixed Oils from Berries of Laurus nobilis L. by Supercritical CO2. Molecules, 13: 1702-1711.
  • Marzouki H, Medini H, Khaldi A, Khouja M.L, Piras A, Giordano E, Cordeddu L, Banni S, Marongiu B, Bouzid S (2009). Fatty acid composition, Essential Oil and Antibacterial Activity of Berries of Laurus nobilis L. JEOBP, 12(4): 422-434.
  • Mir S R, Ali M, Kapoor R (2004). Chemical composition of essential oil of Cinnamomum tamala Nees of et Eberm. Flavour and Franges Journal, 19: 112-114.
  • Özcan M, Chalchat J.C (2005). Effect of Different Locations on the Chemical Composition of Essential Oils of Laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) Leaves Growing Wild in Turkey. Journal of Medicinal Food, 8(3): 408-411.
  • Parry W (1969). Spices, Morhology-Histology-Chemistry, Vol.II, London.
  • Peris I, Blazquez M.A (2015). Comparative GC-MS Analysis of Bay Leaf (Laurus nobilis L.) Essential Oils in Commercial Samples. International Journal of Food Properties, 18: 757-762.
  • Politeo O, Jukić M, Miloš M (2007). Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Free Volatile Aglycones from Laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) Compared to its Essential Oil. Croatica Chemica Acta, 80(1), 121-126.
  • Pragadheesh VS, Yadav A, Singh SC, Gupta N, Chanotiya CS (2013). Leaf essential oil of cultivated Pimenta racemose (Mill.) J.W.Moore from North India : Distributian of Phenylpropanoids and Chiral Terpenoids, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 2(1): 1-4.
  • Reyes-Jurado F, Franco-Vega A, Ramirez-Corona N, Palou E, Lopez-Malo A ( 2015). Essential oils: Antimicrobial Activities, Extraction Methods, and Their Modeling, Food Enginering Review, 7.275-297.
  • Sangwan N.S, Farooqi A.H.A, Shabih F, Sangwan R.S (2001). Regulation of essential oil production in plants. Plant growth Regulation, 34:3-21.
  • Sangun M.K, Aydın E, Timur M, Karadeniz H, Çalışkan M, Özkan A (2007). Comparison of chemical composition of the essential oil of Laurus nobilis L. leaves and fruits from different regions of Hatay, Turkey. Journal of Enviromental Biology, 28(4): 731-733.
  • Sellami I.H, Wannes W.A, Bettaieb I, Berrima S, Chahed T, Marzouk B, Limam F (2011). Qualitative and quantitative changes in the essential oil of Laurus nobilis L. leaves as affected by different drying methods. Food Chemistry, 126: 691-697.
  • Simic A, Sokovic M.D, Ristic M, Grujic-Jovanovic S, Vukojevic J, Marin P. D (2004). The Chemical Composition of Some Lauraceae Essential Oils and Their Antifungal Activities. Phtotherapy Research, 18: 713-717.
  • Tabanca N, Avonto C, Wang M, Parcher J F, Ali A, Demirci B, Raman V, Khan I (2013). Comparative investigation of Umbellularia californica (Hook.&Arn.) Nutt.Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 61: 12283-12291.
  • Tucker A O, Maciarello A M, Hill M (1992). Litsea glaucescens Kunth (Lauracea): Mexican bay. Economic Botany 46(1): 21-24.
  • Turek C, Stintzing F.C (2013). Stability of Essential Oils: A Review. Comprenhensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 12: 40-53. TS 2134 Baharat Rutubet Miktarının Tayini, Türk Standartları Enstitüsü, 2008.
  • Verdian-rizi M, Hadjiakhoondi A (2008). Essential Oil Composition of Laurus nobilis L. of Different Growth Stages Growing in Iran. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung, 63(11-12): 785-788.
  • URL-1; https://www.ogm.gov.tr/ekutuphane/Yayınlar/Defne_Eylem_Plani.pdf. Son giriş: 24.05.2018.
  • Yilmaz E.S, Timur M, Aslim B (2013). Antimicrobial, Antioxidant Activity of the Essential oil of Bay Laurel from Hatay, Turkey. TEOP, 16(1); 108-116.
  • Yilmaz B., Deniz I (2017). The Effects of cultivation area and altitude variation on the composition of the essential oil of Laurus nobilis I. Grown in Eastern, Western and Central Karadeniz Region. International Journal of Secondary Metabolite, 4; 187-194.
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Biomaterial Engineering, Bio-based Materials, Wood Science
Authors

Ayben Kılıç-pekgözlü

Esra Ceylan

Öznur Çakal This is me

Publication Date December 15, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 20 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Kılıç-pekgözlü, A., Ceylan, E., & Çakal, Ö. (2018). Hangisi Gerçek Defne Yaprağı Uçucu Yağı?. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 20(3), 477-485.


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