The Position and Development of the Earl in English Land and Administrative Law

Year 2022, , 150 - 160, 28.07.2022

Şükran Yaşar

https://doi.org/10.18026/cbayarsos.1094670

Abstract

Earls, one of the most important ranks in English land and administrative law, became one of the highest administrators in England, especially in the Anglo-Saxon Age, with the power they received from the king. Earls continued their existence as the most important ruler after the king, after the Roman domination of the island in the 5th century until the Norman invasion of 1066. Earls who led the tribal forces during this period also served as heads of the judiciary. Earls gained so much power that from time to time they even played a role in electing kings. Although the militias and farmers under their command were perceived as feudal lords, in practice they never had subordinate vassals. The transformation that started with the Dan attacks ended with the Norman invasion. In this study, we tried to explain the position and development of the ruler called Earl in English land and administrative law, with the data we obtained from the sources of the period and the comparisons we made with copyrighted works. At the same time, considering that there is no study on this subject in our country, we believe that it would be beneficial to contribute to the literature by dealing with this subject.

Keywords

Earl

İngiliz Toprak ve İdare Hukukunda Earl’ün Konumu ve Gelişimi

Abstract

İngiliz idare ve toprak yönetiminin en önemli rütbelerinden biri olan Earl kraldan aldıkları güçle İngiltere’de özellikle Anglosakson Çağı’nda en yüksek idarecilerden biri oldu. O kadar güçlendiler ki zaman zaman kralların seçilmesinde dahi rol oynadılar. Dan saldırıları earl pozisyonunda bir takım değişiklikler meydana getirse de earl’ler büyük ölçüde varlıklarını dönüşerek ve güçlenerek sürdürdüler. Emri altındaki milis kuvvetler ve çiftçiler onların birer feodal lord olarak algılanmasına neden olsa da pratikte asla kendilerine biat eden vassallara sahip olmadılar. Dan saldırılarıyla başlayan dönüşüm ise Norman istilasıyla son buldu. Earl’lerin güçlerinin azalması ve ortadan kalkması Normanlar ile birlikte kara Avrupa’sından İngiltere’ye gelen feodalite ile oldu. Bundan sonra Earl unvanı zaman zaman lordluk ve soyluluk anlamında kullanılmaya devam ettiyse de zamanla ortadan kalktı.

Keywords

Earl, İngiltere, Ealdorman, Feodalite

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