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Investigation of the usability of essential oils in diesel engines as a new biodiesel source

Year 2021, , 573 - 585, 15.04.2021
https://doi.org/10.17714/gumusfenbil.839914

Abstract

This article has focused on essential oils as alternative fuels and fuel additives. The essential oil is obtained from Salvia Candidissima plant. While a Clevenger type apparatus was used to determine the oil yield of Salvia Candidissima plant, a retort was produced for the bulk oil to be used in the experiments. The compounds of the obtained oil were determined by Gas chromatography / Mass spectrometry (GC / MS) and the essential oil was converted into biofuel. The produced biofuel was added 5% by volume to the reference diesel fuel (DF) and mixed fuel (SB-5) was formed. Later, SB-5 and DF fuels were tested at 1500 fixed cycles and different loads, and emission and combustion data were obtained. As a result of the experiment, effective decreases in Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Hydrocarbon (HC) emissions and increases in NOx emissions were observed with SB-5 fuel mixture. In addition, higher combustion data were obtained with SB-5 fuel mixture than DF fuel.

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References

  • Akader, Y. (2006). Soya yağı metil esterinin dizel motorlarda yakıt olarak kullanımının deneysel olarak araştırılması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Balıkesir Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Balıkesir.
  • Akgül, A. (2011). Erzurum'da yetişen aromatik bitkilerin uçucu yağ verimleri ile bazılarında ana uçucu bileşenlerin araştırılması, Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, 18, 1-4.
  • Alizadeh, A. (2013). Essential oil constituents, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of salvia virgata Jacq. from ıran. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 16(2), 172-182
  • Al-Qudah, M., Al-Jaber, H., Zarga, M.H.A. and Orabi, S.T.A. (2014). Flavonoid and phenolic compounds from Salvia palaestina L. growing wild in Jordan and their antioxidant activities. Phytochemistry, 99. 115-120. https://doi.org 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.01.001
  • Antunes, T., Sevinate-Pinto, I., Barroso, J.G., Cavaleiro, C. and Salgueiro, L.R. (2004). Micromorphology of trichomes and composition of essential oil of teucrium capitatum, Flavour. Fragrange. Journal, 19, 336-340. https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1310
  • Atabani, A. E., Silitonga, A. S., Ong, H. C. T., Mahlia, M. I., Masjuki, H. H., Badruddin, I. A. and Fayaz, H. (2013). Non-edible vegetable oils: a critical evaluation of oil extraction, fatty acid compositions, biodiesel production, characteristics, engine performance and emissions production” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 18, 211-245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2012.10.013
  • Başaran, Ş. (2003). Elmalı yöresinde doğal olarak yetişen bazı bitkilerin etnobotanik özellikleri, Batı Akdeniz Ormancılık Araştırma Müdürlüğü Dergisi, Çevre ve Orman Bakanlığı, 211, 5.2003
  • Bayram, E. (2001). A study on selecting suitable types of the anatolia sage (salvia fruticosa mill.) in the flora of western anatolia. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 25, 351-357.
  • Çelik, F., Göçmez, C., Karaman, H., Kamaşak, K., Kaplan, İ. and Akıl, E. (2014). Therapeutic effects of thymoquinone in a model of neuropathic pain. Current Therapeutic Research. 76, 11-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.curtheres.2013.11.001
  • Çılğın, E. (2020). Investigation of biodiesel potential of new hybrid of origanum sp. Tekin-native to Turkey, Fuel, 277, 118180.2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.118180
  • Çılğın, E. (2020). Uçucu yağların dizel motorlarda yakıt olarak kullanılabilirliğinin araştırılması, Dicle Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 9(2), 35-50 EDOQ-The European Pharmacopoeia Commission. (Strasbourg, 1387. 2000). https://www.edqm.eu/en/european-pharmacopoeia-commission.
  • Fukuda, H., Kondo, A. and Noda, H. (2001). Biodiesel fuel production by transesterification of oils. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1389-1723(01)80288-7
  • Gholami, A., Pourfayaz, F., Hajinezhat, A. and Mohadesi, M. (2019). Biodiesel production from norouzak (salvia leriifolia) oil using choline hydroxide catalyst in a microchannel reactor. Renewable Energy Volume 136, 993-1001. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.01.057
  • Ghazali, W.N.M.W., Mamat, R., Masjuki, HH.and Najafi, G. (2015). Effects of biodiesel from different feedstocks on engine performance and emissions: a review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 51, 585e602.2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.06.031
  • Hoseini, S.S., Najafi, G., Ghobadian, B., Rahimi, A., Yusuf, T., Mamat, R., Sıddık, N.A.C. and Azmi, W.H. (2017). Effects of biodiesel fuel obtained from Salvia macrosiphon oil (ultrasonic-assisted) on performance and emissions of diesel engine. Energy. 131, 289-296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.04.150
  • İlkılıç, C., Aydın, S., Behçet. and Aydın, H. (2011). Biodiesel from safflower oil and its application in a diesel engine. Fuel Processing Technology, 92, 3, 356-362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2010.09.028
  • Ilkılıc, C. and Öner, C. (2017). Bıodıesel fuel obtaıned from sunflower oıl as an alternatıve fuel for dıesel engınes. The Online Journal of Science and Technology, 7, 3.
  • İpek, A., Gurbuz, B., Bingol, M.U., Geven, F., Akgul, G., Rezaeieh K.A.P. and Cosge, B. (2012). Comparison of essential oil components of wild and field grown salvia cryptantha montbert and aucher ex benthan, in turkey. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 36(6):668-672. https://doi.org/10.3906/tar-1201-41
  • Kralova, I. and Sjöblom, J. (2010). Biofuels–renewable energy sources: a review, Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology. 31(3), 409-425, https://doi.org/:10.1080/01932690903119674
  • Kush, F. (1982). Transesterification of vege-table oils for fuels. Vegetable Oils Fuels Proceedings of the International Conference on Plant and Vegetable Oils as Fuels
  • Lapuerta, M., Armas, O. and Rodriguez–Fernandez, J. (2008). Effect of biodiesel fuels on diesel engine emissions, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 34, 198-223, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2007.07.001
  • Mutlubaş, H. and Özdemir, Z. (2016). Biyodizel üretim yöntemleri ve çevresel etkileri. Kirklareli University Journal of Engineering and Science, 2, 129-143
  • Uyumaz, A., Solmaz, H., Boz, F., Yılmaz, E. and Polat, S. (2017). Reaktif kontrollü sıkıştırma ile ateşlemeli (rccı) bir motorda lamdanın yanma karakteristiklerine etkileri. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. 17, 1146-1156, https://doi.org/10.5578/fmbd.66127
  • (OECD/FAO). Food and agrıculture organızation of the United Natıons. 2016‑2025. OECD Publishing, Paris, http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/agr_outlook-2016-en
  • Özler, M.A., Duru, M.E., Diri, H.A. and Harmandar, M. (2009). Antioxidant activity and chemical composition of the essential oil of salvia candidissima vahl. growing wild in Turkey. In: I International Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Conference on Culinary Herbs. Antalya. Edited by: Turgut, K; Onus, AN; Mathe, A., Acta Horticulturae, 826: 363-369.
  • Panwar, N. L., Kaushik, S. C. and Kothari, S. (2011). Role of renewable energy sources in environmental protection: A review, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15(3), 1513–1524.
  • Pizarro, L. A.V. and Park, E.Y. (2003). Lipase catalyzed production of biodiesel fuel from vegetable oils contained ın waste activated bleaching earth. Health and Environmental Research Online, 38(7), 1077-1082.
  • Sakar, M. K. ve Tanker, M. (1991). Fitokimyasal analizler. A.Ü. Eczacılık Fak. Yayınları No: 67, 128-191, Ankara.
  • Schulz, H., Schrader, B., Quilitzsch, S. and Krüger, H. (2003). Rapid classification of basil chemotypes by various vibrational spectroscopymethods, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51(9), 2475-2481. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf021139r
  • September., F. J. D. (2011). Detection and quantification of spice adulteration by near infrared hyperspectral imaging, Master, Department of Food Science Faculty of Agri Sciences, Stellenbosch University.
  • Sezer, E. (2016). Dizel yakıtı, biyodizel yakıtı ve karışımlarının içten yanmalı motorlara etkilerinin teorik incelenmesi. Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University 31:4 (2016) 799-812.DOI:10.17341/gazimmefd.278437
  • Stigka, E. K., Paravantis, J. A. and Mihalakakou, G. K. (2014). Social acceptance of renewable energy sources: a review of contingent valuation applications, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Volume 32, April 2014, Pages 100-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.12.026
  • Tanker, M. and Sakar, M. K. (1998). Fitokimyasal analizler tanım, miktar tayini ve izolasyon, Ankara Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi Yayınları, 9, 134-140, 1998.
  • Tübives-Turkish Türkiye Bitkileri Veri Servisi Erişim adresi http://traglor.cu.edu.tr/common/object_metadata.aspx?id=1263.
  • Türkcan, A., Çanakçı, M., Özsezen, A. and Sayın, C. (2009). Investigation of combustion characteristics of a diesel engine, Fırat University Journal of Engineering Sciences, 21 (1): 1- 10.2009
  • Tisserand, R. and R, Young. (2014). Constituent profiles, essential oil safety, Churchill Livingstone, St. Louis, 483-647, 2014
  • Tufek, A., Guzel, A., Uzar, E. (2014). Therapeutic effects of thymoquinone in a model of neuropathic pain, Current Therapeutic Research, Clinical and Experimental Volume 76, December 2014, Pages 11-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.curtheres.2013.11.001
  • Yaldi, E. (2002). Dizel motorlarinda azot oksit oluşumun teorik ve deneysel incelenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • Qiul, J., Fan, X. and Zou, H. (2011). “Development of biodiesel from inedible feedstock through various production processes. Review,” Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils, vol. 47, no. 2. pp. 102–111, 2011. DOI: 10.1007/s10553-011-0266-3

Yeni bir biyodizel kaynağı olarak uçucu yağların dizel motorlarda kullanılabilirliğinin araştırılması

Year 2021, , 573 - 585, 15.04.2021
https://doi.org/10.17714/gumusfenbil.839914

Abstract

Bu makale, alternatif yakıt ve yakıt katkı maddesi olarak uçucu yağlar üzerine yoğunlaşmıştır. Uçucu yağ Salvia Candidissima, bitkisinden elde edilmiştir. Salvia Candidissima, bitkisinin yağ verimini belirlemek için Clevenger tipi bir aparat kullanılırken, deneylerde kullanılacak kütlesel yağ için imbik imal edilmiştir. Elde edilen yağın bileşikleri Gaz kromatografisi / Kütle spektrometresi (GC / MS) ile belirlenmiş ve uçucu yağ biyoyakıta dönüştürülmüştür. Üretilen biyoyakıt referans dizel yakıtına (DF) hacimsel olarak % 5 ilave edilmiş ve karışım yakıt (SB-5) oluşturulmuştur. Daha sonra, SB-5 ve DF yakıtları 1500 sabit devirde ve farklı yüklerde test edilmiş, emisyon ve yanma verileri alınmıştır. Deney sonucunda SB-5 karışım yakıtı ile Karbonmonoksit (CO) ve Hidrokarbon (HC) emisyonlarında etkili düşüşler, NOx emisyonlarında artışlar gözlemlenmiştir. Ayrıca SB-5 yakıt karışımı ile DF yakıtından daha yüksek yanma verileri elde edilmiştir.

Project Number

-

References

  • Akader, Y. (2006). Soya yağı metil esterinin dizel motorlarda yakıt olarak kullanımının deneysel olarak araştırılması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Balıkesir Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Balıkesir.
  • Akgül, A. (2011). Erzurum'da yetişen aromatik bitkilerin uçucu yağ verimleri ile bazılarında ana uçucu bileşenlerin araştırılması, Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, 18, 1-4.
  • Alizadeh, A. (2013). Essential oil constituents, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of salvia virgata Jacq. from ıran. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 16(2), 172-182
  • Al-Qudah, M., Al-Jaber, H., Zarga, M.H.A. and Orabi, S.T.A. (2014). Flavonoid and phenolic compounds from Salvia palaestina L. growing wild in Jordan and their antioxidant activities. Phytochemistry, 99. 115-120. https://doi.org 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.01.001
  • Antunes, T., Sevinate-Pinto, I., Barroso, J.G., Cavaleiro, C. and Salgueiro, L.R. (2004). Micromorphology of trichomes and composition of essential oil of teucrium capitatum, Flavour. Fragrange. Journal, 19, 336-340. https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1310
  • Atabani, A. E., Silitonga, A. S., Ong, H. C. T., Mahlia, M. I., Masjuki, H. H., Badruddin, I. A. and Fayaz, H. (2013). Non-edible vegetable oils: a critical evaluation of oil extraction, fatty acid compositions, biodiesel production, characteristics, engine performance and emissions production” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 18, 211-245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2012.10.013
  • Başaran, Ş. (2003). Elmalı yöresinde doğal olarak yetişen bazı bitkilerin etnobotanik özellikleri, Batı Akdeniz Ormancılık Araştırma Müdürlüğü Dergisi, Çevre ve Orman Bakanlığı, 211, 5.2003
  • Bayram, E. (2001). A study on selecting suitable types of the anatolia sage (salvia fruticosa mill.) in the flora of western anatolia. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 25, 351-357.
  • Çelik, F., Göçmez, C., Karaman, H., Kamaşak, K., Kaplan, İ. and Akıl, E. (2014). Therapeutic effects of thymoquinone in a model of neuropathic pain. Current Therapeutic Research. 76, 11-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.curtheres.2013.11.001
  • Çılğın, E. (2020). Investigation of biodiesel potential of new hybrid of origanum sp. Tekin-native to Turkey, Fuel, 277, 118180.2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.118180
  • Çılğın, E. (2020). Uçucu yağların dizel motorlarda yakıt olarak kullanılabilirliğinin araştırılması, Dicle Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 9(2), 35-50 EDOQ-The European Pharmacopoeia Commission. (Strasbourg, 1387. 2000). https://www.edqm.eu/en/european-pharmacopoeia-commission.
  • Fukuda, H., Kondo, A. and Noda, H. (2001). Biodiesel fuel production by transesterification of oils. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1389-1723(01)80288-7
  • Gholami, A., Pourfayaz, F., Hajinezhat, A. and Mohadesi, M. (2019). Biodiesel production from norouzak (salvia leriifolia) oil using choline hydroxide catalyst in a microchannel reactor. Renewable Energy Volume 136, 993-1001. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.01.057
  • Ghazali, W.N.M.W., Mamat, R., Masjuki, HH.and Najafi, G. (2015). Effects of biodiesel from different feedstocks on engine performance and emissions: a review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 51, 585e602.2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.06.031
  • Hoseini, S.S., Najafi, G., Ghobadian, B., Rahimi, A., Yusuf, T., Mamat, R., Sıddık, N.A.C. and Azmi, W.H. (2017). Effects of biodiesel fuel obtained from Salvia macrosiphon oil (ultrasonic-assisted) on performance and emissions of diesel engine. Energy. 131, 289-296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.04.150
  • İlkılıç, C., Aydın, S., Behçet. and Aydın, H. (2011). Biodiesel from safflower oil and its application in a diesel engine. Fuel Processing Technology, 92, 3, 356-362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2010.09.028
  • Ilkılıc, C. and Öner, C. (2017). Bıodıesel fuel obtaıned from sunflower oıl as an alternatıve fuel for dıesel engınes. The Online Journal of Science and Technology, 7, 3.
  • İpek, A., Gurbuz, B., Bingol, M.U., Geven, F., Akgul, G., Rezaeieh K.A.P. and Cosge, B. (2012). Comparison of essential oil components of wild and field grown salvia cryptantha montbert and aucher ex benthan, in turkey. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 36(6):668-672. https://doi.org/10.3906/tar-1201-41
  • Kralova, I. and Sjöblom, J. (2010). Biofuels–renewable energy sources: a review, Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology. 31(3), 409-425, https://doi.org/:10.1080/01932690903119674
  • Kush, F. (1982). Transesterification of vege-table oils for fuels. Vegetable Oils Fuels Proceedings of the International Conference on Plant and Vegetable Oils as Fuels
  • Lapuerta, M., Armas, O. and Rodriguez–Fernandez, J. (2008). Effect of biodiesel fuels on diesel engine emissions, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 34, 198-223, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2007.07.001
  • Mutlubaş, H. and Özdemir, Z. (2016). Biyodizel üretim yöntemleri ve çevresel etkileri. Kirklareli University Journal of Engineering and Science, 2, 129-143
  • Uyumaz, A., Solmaz, H., Boz, F., Yılmaz, E. and Polat, S. (2017). Reaktif kontrollü sıkıştırma ile ateşlemeli (rccı) bir motorda lamdanın yanma karakteristiklerine etkileri. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. 17, 1146-1156, https://doi.org/10.5578/fmbd.66127
  • (OECD/FAO). Food and agrıculture organızation of the United Natıons. 2016‑2025. OECD Publishing, Paris, http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/agr_outlook-2016-en
  • Özler, M.A., Duru, M.E., Diri, H.A. and Harmandar, M. (2009). Antioxidant activity and chemical composition of the essential oil of salvia candidissima vahl. growing wild in Turkey. In: I International Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Conference on Culinary Herbs. Antalya. Edited by: Turgut, K; Onus, AN; Mathe, A., Acta Horticulturae, 826: 363-369.
  • Panwar, N. L., Kaushik, S. C. and Kothari, S. (2011). Role of renewable energy sources in environmental protection: A review, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15(3), 1513–1524.
  • Pizarro, L. A.V. and Park, E.Y. (2003). Lipase catalyzed production of biodiesel fuel from vegetable oils contained ın waste activated bleaching earth. Health and Environmental Research Online, 38(7), 1077-1082.
  • Sakar, M. K. ve Tanker, M. (1991). Fitokimyasal analizler. A.Ü. Eczacılık Fak. Yayınları No: 67, 128-191, Ankara.
  • Schulz, H., Schrader, B., Quilitzsch, S. and Krüger, H. (2003). Rapid classification of basil chemotypes by various vibrational spectroscopymethods, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51(9), 2475-2481. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf021139r
  • September., F. J. D. (2011). Detection and quantification of spice adulteration by near infrared hyperspectral imaging, Master, Department of Food Science Faculty of Agri Sciences, Stellenbosch University.
  • Sezer, E. (2016). Dizel yakıtı, biyodizel yakıtı ve karışımlarının içten yanmalı motorlara etkilerinin teorik incelenmesi. Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University 31:4 (2016) 799-812.DOI:10.17341/gazimmefd.278437
  • Stigka, E. K., Paravantis, J. A. and Mihalakakou, G. K. (2014). Social acceptance of renewable energy sources: a review of contingent valuation applications, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Volume 32, April 2014, Pages 100-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.12.026
  • Tanker, M. and Sakar, M. K. (1998). Fitokimyasal analizler tanım, miktar tayini ve izolasyon, Ankara Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi Yayınları, 9, 134-140, 1998.
  • Tübives-Turkish Türkiye Bitkileri Veri Servisi Erişim adresi http://traglor.cu.edu.tr/common/object_metadata.aspx?id=1263.
  • Türkcan, A., Çanakçı, M., Özsezen, A. and Sayın, C. (2009). Investigation of combustion characteristics of a diesel engine, Fırat University Journal of Engineering Sciences, 21 (1): 1- 10.2009
  • Tisserand, R. and R, Young. (2014). Constituent profiles, essential oil safety, Churchill Livingstone, St. Louis, 483-647, 2014
  • Tufek, A., Guzel, A., Uzar, E. (2014). Therapeutic effects of thymoquinone in a model of neuropathic pain, Current Therapeutic Research, Clinical and Experimental Volume 76, December 2014, Pages 11-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.curtheres.2013.11.001
  • Yaldi, E. (2002). Dizel motorlarinda azot oksit oluşumun teorik ve deneysel incelenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • Qiul, J., Fan, X. and Zou, H. (2011). “Development of biodiesel from inedible feedstock through various production processes. Review,” Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils, vol. 47, no. 2. pp. 102–111, 2011. DOI: 10.1007/s10553-011-0266-3
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Erdal Çılgın 0000-0002-9957-6266

Project Number -
Publication Date April 15, 2021
Submission Date December 13, 2020
Acceptance Date March 25, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021

Cite

APA Çılgın, E. (2021). Investigation of the usability of essential oils in diesel engines as a new biodiesel source. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(2), 573-585. https://doi.org/10.17714/gumusfenbil.839914