Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Pesticide residues in vegetables and fruits from Istanbul by LC-MS/MS

Year 2022, , 303 - 315, 23.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.29050/harranziraat.1063811

Abstract

Selected pesticide active ingredients are used in various stages of production of fruits and vegetables in Turkey for the purpose of pest control. Due to their harm to humans, animals and the environment, pesticide active ingredients and their residue limits were determined by legal regulations. The aim of this study was to determine and highlight the pesticide residue risk in fruits and vegetables sold in markets and greengrocers and widely consumed in Istanbul, one of the most populated cities in Turkey. 393 pesticide active ingredients in 100 fruit and vegetable samples (tomatoes, green peppers, cucumbers, strawberries and apples in total) were screened using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) with Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) sample preparation method. The mean recoveries of the pesticides were between 76.5 % and 115.5 %, LOQ for them was 0.01 mg kg-1. Pesticide residue was detected in 43% of the samples. A total of 7 (7%) samples contained pesticide residues above maximum residue limit (MRL). While pesticide residues were detected above MRL in tomato, strawberry and cucumber samples; no pesticide residues were found above MRL in pepper and apple samples. In the samples analyzed, 42 different pesticide residues were detected, the most detected pesticide active substance in the samples examined was Acetamiprid. Phorate Sulfone, one of the banned pesticides, was detected in a strawberry sample.

Supporting Institution

İstanbul Esenyurt Üniversitesi

Thanks

The authors would like to thank the Istanbul Esenyurt University for financial support

References

  • AOAC, (2007). Official Method 2007.01. Pesticide residues in foods by acetonitrile extraction and partitioning with magnesium sulfate.
  • Arıkan, E. B., Canlı, O., Caro, Y., Dufossé, L., & Dizge, N. (2020). Production of bio-based pigments from food processing industry by-products (apple, pomegranate, black carrot, red beet pulps) Using Aspergillus carbonarius. Journal of Fungi, 6(240), 1-18. DOİ: https://doi.org/10.3390/jof6040240
  • Ay, R., Yaşar, B., Demirözer, O., Aslan, B., Yorulmaz, S., Kaya, M., & Karaca, İ. (2007). Isparta ili elma bahçelerinde yaygın kullanılan bazı ilaçların kalıntı düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. Türkiye Entolomoloji Dergisi, 31(4), 297-306.
  • Bakırcı, G. T., & Hışıl, Y. (2012). Fast and simple extraction of pesticide residues in selected fruits and vegetables using tetrafluoroethane and toluene followed by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chemistry, 135(3), 1901-1913. DOİ: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.06.051
  • Bakırcı, G. T., Acay, D. B., Bakırcı, F., & Ötleş, S. (2014). Pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables from the Aegean region, Turkey. Food Chemistry, 160, 379-392. DOİ: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.02.051
  • Bala, R., Sharma, R.K., & Wangoo, N. (2015). Development of gold nanoparticles-based aptasensor for the colorimetric detection of organophosphorus pesticide phorate. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 408, 333-338.
  • Berrada, H., Fernandez, M., Ruiz, M. J., Molto, J. C., Manes, J. D., & Font, G. (2010). Surveillance of pesticide residues in fruits from Valencia during twenty months (2004/05). Food Control, 21(1), 36-44. DOİ: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2009.03.011
  • Chen, C., Qian, Y., Chen, Q., Tao, C., Li, C., & Li, Y. (2011). Evaluation of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables from Xiamen, China. Food Control, 22, 1114-1120. DOİ: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2011.01.007
  • Damalas, C. A., & Eleftherohorinos, I. G. (2011). Pesticide exposure, safety issues, and risk assessment indicators. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 8, 1402-1419. DOİ: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph8051402
  • Dereumeaux, C., Fillol, C., Quenel, P., & Denys, S. (2020). Pesticide exposures for residents living close to agricultural lands: A review. Environment International, 134, 1-14. DOİ: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.105210
  • Dervişoğlu, M., Gül, O., Yazıcı, F., & Aydemir, O. (2013). Süt ve süt ürünlerinde organik klorlu pestisit varlığı. Gıda ve Yem Bilimi Teknolojisi Dergisi, 13, 31-40.
  • Doğan, F. N., & Karpuzcu, M. E. (2019). Türkiye’de tarım kaynaklı pestisit kirliliğinin durumu ve alternatif kontrol tedbirlerinin incelenmesi. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 25(6), 737-747.
  • Ersoy, N., Tatlı, Ö., Özcan, S., Evcil, E., Coşkun, L. Ş., & Erdoğan, E. (2011a). Konya’da halkın tüketimine sunulan bazı yumuşak çekirdekli meyve türlerinde pestisit kalıntı düzeyleri. Selçuk Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, 25(1), 84-89.
  • Ersoy, N., Tatlı, Ö., Özcan, S., Evcil, E., Coşkun, L. Ş., & Erdoğan, E. (2011b). LC-MS/MS ve GC-MS’ le bazı sebze türlerinde pestisit kalıntılarının tespiti. Selçuk Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, 25(3), 79-85.
  • FAO, (2020). Retrieved December 16, 2020, from http://www.fao.org/faostat/en
  • Goel, A., & Aggarwal, P. (2007). Pesticide poisoning. The National Medical Journal of India, 20(4), 182-191.
  • Gölge, Ö., Hepsağ, F., & Kabak, B. (2018). Health risk assessment of selected pesticide residues in green pepper and cucumber. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 121, 51-64. DOİ: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2018.08.027
  • Guana, H., Brewer, W. E., Garris, S. T., & Morgan, S. L. (2010). Disposable pipette extraction for the analysis of pesticides in fruit and vegetables using gas chromatography / mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A, 1217(12), 1867-1874. DOİ: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2010.01.047
  • Henderson, M. C., Krueger, S. K., Siddens, L. K., Stevens, J. F., & Williams, D. E. (2004). Oxygenation of the thioether organophosphate insecticides phorate and disulfoton by human lung flavin-containing monooxygenase. Biochemical Pharmacology, 68, 969-967. DOİ: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2004.05.051
  • Hepsağ, F. (2019). Akdeniz Bölgesi’nde yetiştirilen domateslerde pestisit kalıntı düzeylerinin tespiti ve validasyon çalışması. Uluslararası Tarım ve Yaban Hayatı Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(1), 76-89. DOİ: https://doi.org/10.24180/ijaws.502956
  • Imamura, T., Yanagawa, Y., Nishikawa, K., Matsumoto, N., & Sakamoto, T. (2010). Two cases of acute poisoning with acetamiprid in humans. Informa, 48, 851-853. DOİ: https://doi.org/10.3109/15563650.2010.517207
  • Issa, G., & Çiftçioğlu, G. (2006). Çevre ve gıdalarda pestisit kalıntıları. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 32(3), 81-90.
  • Jallow, M. F., Awadh, D. G., Albaho, M. S., Devi, V. Y., & Ahmad, N. (2017). Monitoring of pesticide residues in commonly used fruits and vegetables in Kuwait. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(833), 1-12. DOİ: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14080833
  • Jariyal, M., Jindal, V., Mandal, K., Gupta, V. K., & Singh, B. (2018). Bioremediation of organophosphorus pesticide phorate in soil by microbial consortia. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 159, 310-316. DOİ: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.04.063
  • Jin, D., Xu, Q., Yu, L., Mao, A., & Hu, X. (2016). A novel sensor for the detection of acetamiprid in vegetables based on its photocatalytic degradation compound. Food Chemistry, 194, 959-965. DOİ: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.08.118
  • Kaya, T., & Tuna, A. L. (2019). İzmir ilindeki üç halk pazarından alınan meyve ve sebze örneklerindeki pestisit kalıntı miktarının araştırılması. Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 6(1), 32-38. DOİ: https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.437474
  • Keikotlhaile, B. M., Spanoghe, P., & Steurbaut, W. (2010). Effects of food processing on pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables: A meta-analysis approach. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 48(1), 1-6. DOİ: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2009.10.031
  • Kızılay, H., & Akçaöz, H. (2009). Elma yetiştiriciliğinde ilaç ve gübre kullanımında ekonomik kaybın incelenmesi: Antalya ili örneği. Tarım Bilimleri Araştırma Dergisi, 2(1), 113-119.
  • Kumari, B. R., Rao, G. V., Sahrawat, K. L., & Rajasekhar, P. (2012). Occurrence of insecticide residues in selected crops and natural resources. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 89(1), 187-192.
  • Lozowicka, B., Abzeitova, E., Sagitov, A., Kaczynski, P., Toleubayev, K., & Li, A. (2015). Studies of pesticide residues in tomatoes and cucumbers from Kazakhstan and the associated health risks. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 187(609), 1-19. DOİ: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-4818-6
  • Lozowicka, B., Kaczynski, P., Paritova, A. E., Kuzembekova, G. B., Abzhalieva, A. B., Sarsembayeva, N. B., & Alihan, K. (2014). Pesticide residues in grain from Kazakhstan and potential health risks associated with exposure to detected pesticides. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 64, 238-248. DOİ: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2013.11.038
  • Raab, U., Preiss, U., Albrecht, M., Shahin, N., Parlar, H., & Fromme, H. (2008). Concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers, organochlorine compounds and nitro musks in mother’s milk from Germany (Bavaria). Chemosphere, 72(1), 87-94. DOİ: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.01.053
  • Razzaghia, N., Ziaratib, P., Rastegar, H., Shoeibi, S., Amirahmadi, M., Conti, G. O., Ferrante, M., Fakhri, Y., & Khanghah, A. M. (2018). The concentration and probabilistic helath risk assessment of pesticide residues in commercially available olive oils in Iran. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 120, 32-40. DOİ: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2018.07.002
  • Szpyrka, E., Kurdziel, A., Matyaszek, A., Podbielska, M., Rupar, J., & Słowik-Borowiec, M. (2015). Evaluation of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables from the region of south-eastern Poland. Food Control, 48, 137-142. DOİ: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.05.039
  • Tiryaki, O. (2016). Türkiye’de yapılan pestisit kalıntı analiz ve çalışmaları. Erciyes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 32(1), 72-82.
  • Turkish Statistical Institute, (2019). Retrieved December 20, 2019, from https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Bitkisel-Uretim-Istatistikleri-2019-30685.
  • Uluocak, B. H., & Egemen, Ö. (2005). İzmir ve Aliağa körfezinde mevsimsel olarak avlanan bazı ekonomik balık türlerinde organik klorlu pestisit kalıntılarının araştırılması. Ege Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Dergisi, 22(1-2), 149-160.
  • Verdian, A. (2017). Apta-nanosensors for detection and quantitative determination of acetamiprid – A pesticide residue in food and environment. Talanta, 176, 456-464. DOİ: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2017.08.070
  • Wang, J., Chow, W., Chang, J. S., & Wong, J. W. (2017). Development and validation of a qualitative method for target screening of 448 pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables using UHPLC/ESI Q-Orbitrap based on data-independent acquisition and compound database. Jounal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 65(2), 473-493. DOİ: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05034
  • Xiao, K., Zhu, N., Lu, Z., Zheng, H., Cui, C., Gao, Y., Gao, Y., Meng, X., Liu, Y. & Cai, M. (2021). Distribution of eight organophosphorus pesticides and their oxides in surface water of the East China Sea based on high volume solid phase extraction method. Environmental Pollution, 279, 116886. DOİ: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116886
  • Yakar, Y. (2018). Çekirdeksiz sofralık üzümlerde pestisit kalıntılarının belirlenmesi. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 28(4), 444-447. DOİ: https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.453960

İstanbul’da satışa sunulan bazı meyve ve sebzelerde LC-MS/MS ile pestisit kalıntılarının tespiti

Year 2022, , 303 - 315, 23.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.29050/harranziraat.1063811

Abstract

Türkiye'de meyve ve sebze üretiminin çeşitli aşamalarında zararlıların kontrolü amacıyla belirli pestisitler kullanılmaktadır. İnsanlara, hayvanlara ve çevreye zararlı etkilerinden dolayı pestisit etken maddeleri ve bunların kalıntı limitleri yasal düzenlemelerle belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye'nin en kalabalık şehri olan İstanbul'da market ve manavlarda satılan ve yaygın olarak tüketilen meyve ve sebzelerde pestisit kalıntılarının riskini belirlemek ve vurgulamaktır. 100 meyve ve sebze örneğinde 393 pestisit etken maddesi, QuEChERS numune hazırlama metoduyla kütle spektrometrisine bağlı sıvı kromatografisi (LC–MS/MS) kullanılarak taranmıştır. Pestisitlerin ortalama geri kazanımları %76.5 ve %115.5 arasında, LOQ değerleri ise 0.01 mg kg-1’dır. Örneklerin %43'ünde pestisit kalıntısı tespit edilmiştir, 7 (%7)’si maksimum kalıntı limitinin (MRL) üzerinde pestisit kalıntıları içermektedir. Domates, çilek ve salatalık örneklerinde MRL üzerinde pestisit kalıntısı tespit edilirken, biber ve elma örneklerinde MRL'nin üzerinde pestisit kalıntısına rastlanmamıştır. İncelenen örneklerde 42 farklı pestisit kalıntısı tespit edilmiştir, en çok tespit edilen pestisit etken maddesi ise Acetamiprid'dir. Yasaklı pestisitlerden biri olan Phorate Sulfone ise bir çilek örneğinde tespit edilmiştir.

References

  • AOAC, (2007). Official Method 2007.01. Pesticide residues in foods by acetonitrile extraction and partitioning with magnesium sulfate.
  • Arıkan, E. B., Canlı, O., Caro, Y., Dufossé, L., & Dizge, N. (2020). Production of bio-based pigments from food processing industry by-products (apple, pomegranate, black carrot, red beet pulps) Using Aspergillus carbonarius. Journal of Fungi, 6(240), 1-18. DOİ: https://doi.org/10.3390/jof6040240
  • Ay, R., Yaşar, B., Demirözer, O., Aslan, B., Yorulmaz, S., Kaya, M., & Karaca, İ. (2007). Isparta ili elma bahçelerinde yaygın kullanılan bazı ilaçların kalıntı düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. Türkiye Entolomoloji Dergisi, 31(4), 297-306.
  • Bakırcı, G. T., & Hışıl, Y. (2012). Fast and simple extraction of pesticide residues in selected fruits and vegetables using tetrafluoroethane and toluene followed by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chemistry, 135(3), 1901-1913. DOİ: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.06.051
  • Bakırcı, G. T., Acay, D. B., Bakırcı, F., & Ötleş, S. (2014). Pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables from the Aegean region, Turkey. Food Chemistry, 160, 379-392. DOİ: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.02.051
  • Bala, R., Sharma, R.K., & Wangoo, N. (2015). Development of gold nanoparticles-based aptasensor for the colorimetric detection of organophosphorus pesticide phorate. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 408, 333-338.
  • Berrada, H., Fernandez, M., Ruiz, M. J., Molto, J. C., Manes, J. D., & Font, G. (2010). Surveillance of pesticide residues in fruits from Valencia during twenty months (2004/05). Food Control, 21(1), 36-44. DOİ: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2009.03.011
  • Chen, C., Qian, Y., Chen, Q., Tao, C., Li, C., & Li, Y. (2011). Evaluation of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables from Xiamen, China. Food Control, 22, 1114-1120. DOİ: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2011.01.007
  • Damalas, C. A., & Eleftherohorinos, I. G. (2011). Pesticide exposure, safety issues, and risk assessment indicators. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 8, 1402-1419. DOİ: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph8051402
  • Dereumeaux, C., Fillol, C., Quenel, P., & Denys, S. (2020). Pesticide exposures for residents living close to agricultural lands: A review. Environment International, 134, 1-14. DOİ: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.105210
  • Dervişoğlu, M., Gül, O., Yazıcı, F., & Aydemir, O. (2013). Süt ve süt ürünlerinde organik klorlu pestisit varlığı. Gıda ve Yem Bilimi Teknolojisi Dergisi, 13, 31-40.
  • Doğan, F. N., & Karpuzcu, M. E. (2019). Türkiye’de tarım kaynaklı pestisit kirliliğinin durumu ve alternatif kontrol tedbirlerinin incelenmesi. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 25(6), 737-747.
  • Ersoy, N., Tatlı, Ö., Özcan, S., Evcil, E., Coşkun, L. Ş., & Erdoğan, E. (2011a). Konya’da halkın tüketimine sunulan bazı yumuşak çekirdekli meyve türlerinde pestisit kalıntı düzeyleri. Selçuk Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, 25(1), 84-89.
  • Ersoy, N., Tatlı, Ö., Özcan, S., Evcil, E., Coşkun, L. Ş., & Erdoğan, E. (2011b). LC-MS/MS ve GC-MS’ le bazı sebze türlerinde pestisit kalıntılarının tespiti. Selçuk Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, 25(3), 79-85.
  • FAO, (2020). Retrieved December 16, 2020, from http://www.fao.org/faostat/en
  • Goel, A., & Aggarwal, P. (2007). Pesticide poisoning. The National Medical Journal of India, 20(4), 182-191.
  • Gölge, Ö., Hepsağ, F., & Kabak, B. (2018). Health risk assessment of selected pesticide residues in green pepper and cucumber. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 121, 51-64. DOİ: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2018.08.027
  • Guana, H., Brewer, W. E., Garris, S. T., & Morgan, S. L. (2010). Disposable pipette extraction for the analysis of pesticides in fruit and vegetables using gas chromatography / mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A, 1217(12), 1867-1874. DOİ: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2010.01.047
  • Henderson, M. C., Krueger, S. K., Siddens, L. K., Stevens, J. F., & Williams, D. E. (2004). Oxygenation of the thioether organophosphate insecticides phorate and disulfoton by human lung flavin-containing monooxygenase. Biochemical Pharmacology, 68, 969-967. DOİ: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2004.05.051
  • Hepsağ, F. (2019). Akdeniz Bölgesi’nde yetiştirilen domateslerde pestisit kalıntı düzeylerinin tespiti ve validasyon çalışması. Uluslararası Tarım ve Yaban Hayatı Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(1), 76-89. DOİ: https://doi.org/10.24180/ijaws.502956
  • Imamura, T., Yanagawa, Y., Nishikawa, K., Matsumoto, N., & Sakamoto, T. (2010). Two cases of acute poisoning with acetamiprid in humans. Informa, 48, 851-853. DOİ: https://doi.org/10.3109/15563650.2010.517207
  • Issa, G., & Çiftçioğlu, G. (2006). Çevre ve gıdalarda pestisit kalıntıları. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 32(3), 81-90.
  • Jallow, M. F., Awadh, D. G., Albaho, M. S., Devi, V. Y., & Ahmad, N. (2017). Monitoring of pesticide residues in commonly used fruits and vegetables in Kuwait. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(833), 1-12. DOİ: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14080833
  • Jariyal, M., Jindal, V., Mandal, K., Gupta, V. K., & Singh, B. (2018). Bioremediation of organophosphorus pesticide phorate in soil by microbial consortia. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 159, 310-316. DOİ: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.04.063
  • Jin, D., Xu, Q., Yu, L., Mao, A., & Hu, X. (2016). A novel sensor for the detection of acetamiprid in vegetables based on its photocatalytic degradation compound. Food Chemistry, 194, 959-965. DOİ: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.08.118
  • Kaya, T., & Tuna, A. L. (2019). İzmir ilindeki üç halk pazarından alınan meyve ve sebze örneklerindeki pestisit kalıntı miktarının araştırılması. Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 6(1), 32-38. DOİ: https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.437474
  • Keikotlhaile, B. M., Spanoghe, P., & Steurbaut, W. (2010). Effects of food processing on pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables: A meta-analysis approach. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 48(1), 1-6. DOİ: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2009.10.031
  • Kızılay, H., & Akçaöz, H. (2009). Elma yetiştiriciliğinde ilaç ve gübre kullanımında ekonomik kaybın incelenmesi: Antalya ili örneği. Tarım Bilimleri Araştırma Dergisi, 2(1), 113-119.
  • Kumari, B. R., Rao, G. V., Sahrawat, K. L., & Rajasekhar, P. (2012). Occurrence of insecticide residues in selected crops and natural resources. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 89(1), 187-192.
  • Lozowicka, B., Abzeitova, E., Sagitov, A., Kaczynski, P., Toleubayev, K., & Li, A. (2015). Studies of pesticide residues in tomatoes and cucumbers from Kazakhstan and the associated health risks. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 187(609), 1-19. DOİ: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-4818-6
  • Lozowicka, B., Kaczynski, P., Paritova, A. E., Kuzembekova, G. B., Abzhalieva, A. B., Sarsembayeva, N. B., & Alihan, K. (2014). Pesticide residues in grain from Kazakhstan and potential health risks associated with exposure to detected pesticides. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 64, 238-248. DOİ: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2013.11.038
  • Raab, U., Preiss, U., Albrecht, M., Shahin, N., Parlar, H., & Fromme, H. (2008). Concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers, organochlorine compounds and nitro musks in mother’s milk from Germany (Bavaria). Chemosphere, 72(1), 87-94. DOİ: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.01.053
  • Razzaghia, N., Ziaratib, P., Rastegar, H., Shoeibi, S., Amirahmadi, M., Conti, G. O., Ferrante, M., Fakhri, Y., & Khanghah, A. M. (2018). The concentration and probabilistic helath risk assessment of pesticide residues in commercially available olive oils in Iran. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 120, 32-40. DOİ: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2018.07.002
  • Szpyrka, E., Kurdziel, A., Matyaszek, A., Podbielska, M., Rupar, J., & Słowik-Borowiec, M. (2015). Evaluation of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables from the region of south-eastern Poland. Food Control, 48, 137-142. DOİ: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.05.039
  • Tiryaki, O. (2016). Türkiye’de yapılan pestisit kalıntı analiz ve çalışmaları. Erciyes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 32(1), 72-82.
  • Turkish Statistical Institute, (2019). Retrieved December 20, 2019, from https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Bitkisel-Uretim-Istatistikleri-2019-30685.
  • Uluocak, B. H., & Egemen, Ö. (2005). İzmir ve Aliağa körfezinde mevsimsel olarak avlanan bazı ekonomik balık türlerinde organik klorlu pestisit kalıntılarının araştırılması. Ege Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Dergisi, 22(1-2), 149-160.
  • Verdian, A. (2017). Apta-nanosensors for detection and quantitative determination of acetamiprid – A pesticide residue in food and environment. Talanta, 176, 456-464. DOİ: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2017.08.070
  • Wang, J., Chow, W., Chang, J. S., & Wong, J. W. (2017). Development and validation of a qualitative method for target screening of 448 pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables using UHPLC/ESI Q-Orbitrap based on data-independent acquisition and compound database. Jounal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 65(2), 473-493. DOİ: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05034
  • Xiao, K., Zhu, N., Lu, Z., Zheng, H., Cui, C., Gao, Y., Gao, Y., Meng, X., Liu, Y. & Cai, M. (2021). Distribution of eight organophosphorus pesticides and their oxides in surface water of the East China Sea based on high volume solid phase extraction method. Environmental Pollution, 279, 116886. DOİ: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116886
  • Yakar, Y. (2018). Çekirdeksiz sofralık üzümlerde pestisit kalıntılarının belirlenmesi. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 28(4), 444-447. DOİ: https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.453960
There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Food Engineering
Journal Section Araştırma Makaleleri
Authors

Burcu Çakmak Sancar 0000-0002-0737-7009

Meryem Akhan 0000-0001-8065-8635

Muhsin Öztürk 0000-0002-3076-8251

Özer Ergün 0000-0003-1675-7238

Publication Date September 23, 2022
Submission Date January 28, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022

Cite

APA Çakmak Sancar, B., Akhan, M., Öztürk, M., Ergün, Ö. (2022). Pesticide residues in vegetables and fruits from Istanbul by LC-MS/MS. Harran Tarım Ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, 26(3), 303-315. https://doi.org/10.29050/harranziraat.1063811

Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler

13435  19617   22065  13436  134401344513449 13439 13464  22066   22069  13466 

10749 Harran Tarım ve Gıda Bilimi Dergisi, Creative Commons Atıf –Gayrı Ticari 4.0 Uluslararası (CC BY-NC 4.0) Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.