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The Effect of Removed Squares and Flowers of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.): I. Changes in Yield, Earliness and Fiber Properties

Year 2015, Volume: 19 Issue: 4, 199 - 208, 02.01.2016

Abstract

In this study, the effects of squares (flower-bud) and flowers removal on yield and fiber quality of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) were tested. Field trials were conducted on research field of Harran University Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops in years of 1998 and 1999, at southeastern of Turkey. Field trials were arranged in completely randomized block design with four replications. The Sayar 314 cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) variety was used as plant material. Squares were removed at first two weeks of squaring (SR1-2) and flowers were  removed throughout first to tenth week of flowering with two weeks interval (FR1-2, FR3-4, FR5-6, FR7-8, FR9-10) and check plot. At the end of variance analysis it was indicated that cotton could compensate for generative organs losses at early stage (SR1-2 and FR1-2) despite dramatically yield reduction at mid-flowering losses (FR3-4 and FR5-6, 21.11% and 10.49% in 1998 and 22.05% and 12.28% in 1999, respectively). Late removals (FR7-8 and FR9-10) have not significant effect on yield. Not any fiber quality parameters were affected by removals. 

References

  • Ahmed, F.M. and Abdel-Al, M.H., 1988. Effect of defoliation treatments on cotton yield. Annals of Agricultural Science Cairo, 33(2), 941-950.
  • Aviram, N. and Rimon, D., 1980. Effect of cumulative flower removal on the development and yield of cotton plants. Special Publication, Division of Scientific Publication, Bet-Dagan, No.158, 21pp.
  • Cook, D.R. and Kennedy, C.W., 2000. Early flower bud loss and mepiquat chloride effects on cotton yield distribution. Crop Science, 40,1678-1684.
  • Demirbilek, T. and Özel, A., 1999. Pamukta Silkme, Nedenleri ve Fizyolojisi. HR.Ü. Z.F. Dergisi, 3 (1-2):57-66.
  • Deshmukh, RK., Rao, M.R.K. and Bhale, N.L., 1988. Effect of desinking on the expression of production potential in raingrown cotton. Journal of the Indian Society for Cotton Improvement, 13(1), 60-62.
  • Dinç, U., Şenol, M., Sayın, S. and Güzel, N., 1988. Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi Toprakları I. Harran Ovası. TÜBİTAK Tarım ve Ormancılık Araştırma Projesi Kesin Raporu, Proje No: TOAG-534, Adana.
  • Eid, A.A.H., 1973. Effect of early defruiting on Egyptian cotton. Mededeligen van de Faculteit Landbouwwetenschappen, Rijksuniversiteit Gent., 38(1), 15-22.
  • Guinn, G., 1985. Abscisic acid and cutout in cotton. Plant Physiology, 77, 16-20.
  • Guinn, G.; Brummett, D.L., 1992. Influence of defruiting on the abscisic acid and indole-3-acetic acid contents of cotton leaves. Field Crops Research, 28(3), 257-262.
  • Heitholt, J.J., 1993. Cotton boll retention and its relationship to lint yield. Crop Science, 33, 486-490.
  • Heitholt, J.J., 1997. Floral bud removal from specific fruiting positions in cotton: Yield and fiber quality. Crop Science, 37, 826-832.
  • Holman, E.M. and Oosterhuis, D.M., 1999. Cotton photosynthesis and carbon partitioning in response to floral bud loss due to insect damage. Crop Science, 39, 1347-1351.
  • Jones, M.A., Wells, R. and Guthrie, D.S., 1996a. Cotton response to seasonal patterns of flower removal: I . Yield and fiber quality. Crop Science, 36, 633-638.
  • Jones, M.A., Wells, R. and Guthrie, D.S., 1996b. Cotton response to seasonal patterns of flower removal: II. Growth and dry matter allocation. Crop Science, 36, 639-645.
  • Karner, M.A., Goodson, J.R., Dugger, P. and Richter, D., 1998. Nodes above white flower: indicator to use to terminate cotton insect scouting and insect control. Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences, San Diego, California, USA, 5-9 January, 2:1326-1328.
  • Mann, J.E., Turnipseed, S.G., Sullivan, M.J., Adler, P.H., Durant, J.A. and May, O.L.., 1997. Effects of early-season loss of flower buds on yield, quality, and maturity of cotton in South Carolina. Journal of Economic Entomology, 90(5), 1324-1331.
  • Moreno-Alvarado, L.E., Nava-Camberos, V. and Byerly-Murphy, K.F.., 1990. Response of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) to the manual removal of fruits and its relationship to insect damage in two cotton production systems. Revista Chapingo, 15(67-68), 108-113.
  • Morton, N.., 1979. Time related factors in Heliothis control on cotton. Pesticide Science, 10(3), 254-270.
  • Oosterhuis, D.M., Tugwell, N.P., Teague, T.G. and Danforth, D.M.., 1999. A new method of assessing plant stress using the ratio of the change in square shedding to number of main-stem positions. Special-Report Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station. No. 193, 136-141.
  • Pan, Z.L., Ni, T.K., Chen, C.Y., Huang, G.L. and Wang, R.Q., 1987. Techniques for adjusting the flowering and fruiting period of cotton. Jiangsu Agricultural Science Jiangsu Nongye Kexue, 5, 3-4.
  • Patterson, L.L., Buxton, D.R.and Brıggs, R.E., 1978. Fruiting in cotton as affected by controlled boll set. Agronomy Journal, 70,118-122.
  • Pettigrew, WT., 1994. Source to sink manipulation effects on cotton lint yield and yield components. Agronomy Journal, 86, 731-735.
  • Pettigrew, W.T., Heitholt, J.J. and Meredith, W.R. Jr., 1992. Early season floral bud removal and cotton growth, yield, and fiber quality. Agronomy Journal, 84, 209-214.
  • Pettigrew, W.T., Heitholt, J.J. and Meredith, W.R. Jr., 1993. Early season ethephon application effects on cotton photosynthesis. Agronomy Journal, 85, 821-825.
  • Sadras, V.O., 1996. Cotton compensatory growth after loss of reproductive organs as affected by availability of resources and duration of recovery period. Oecologia, 106(4), 432-439.
  • Sadras, V.O., 1998. Herbivory tolerance of cotton expressing insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis: responses to damage caused by Helicoverpa spp. and to manual bud removal. Field Crops Research, 56, 287-299.
  • Stewart, S.D. and Sterling, W.L., 1989. Causes and temporal patterns of cotton fruit abscission. Journal of Economic Entomology, 82(3), 954-959.
  • Ungar, E.D., Kletter, E. and Genizi, A., 1989. Early season development of floral buds in cotton. Agronomy Journal, 81, 643-649.
  • Ungar, E.D., Kletter, E. and Genizi, A., 1992. Conservative response and stress-damage interactions in cotton reproductive development. Agronomy Journal, 84, 382-386.
  • Ungar, E.D., Wallach, D. and Kletter, E., 1987. Cotton Response to Bud and Boll Removal. Agronomy Journal, 79, 491-497.
  • Wells, R., 2001. Leaf pigment and canopy photosynthetic response to early flower removal in cotton. Crop Science, 41, 1522-1529.
  • Wilson, L.T. and Bishop, A.L., 1982. Responses of deltapine 16 cotton Gossypium hirsutum L. to simulated attacks by known populations of Heliothis larvae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in a field experiment in Queensland, Australia. Protection Ecology, 4(4), 371-380.
Year 2015, Volume: 19 Issue: 4, 199 - 208, 02.01.2016

Abstract

References

  • Ahmed, F.M. and Abdel-Al, M.H., 1988. Effect of defoliation treatments on cotton yield. Annals of Agricultural Science Cairo, 33(2), 941-950.
  • Aviram, N. and Rimon, D., 1980. Effect of cumulative flower removal on the development and yield of cotton plants. Special Publication, Division of Scientific Publication, Bet-Dagan, No.158, 21pp.
  • Cook, D.R. and Kennedy, C.W., 2000. Early flower bud loss and mepiquat chloride effects on cotton yield distribution. Crop Science, 40,1678-1684.
  • Demirbilek, T. and Özel, A., 1999. Pamukta Silkme, Nedenleri ve Fizyolojisi. HR.Ü. Z.F. Dergisi, 3 (1-2):57-66.
  • Deshmukh, RK., Rao, M.R.K. and Bhale, N.L., 1988. Effect of desinking on the expression of production potential in raingrown cotton. Journal of the Indian Society for Cotton Improvement, 13(1), 60-62.
  • Dinç, U., Şenol, M., Sayın, S. and Güzel, N., 1988. Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi Toprakları I. Harran Ovası. TÜBİTAK Tarım ve Ormancılık Araştırma Projesi Kesin Raporu, Proje No: TOAG-534, Adana.
  • Eid, A.A.H., 1973. Effect of early defruiting on Egyptian cotton. Mededeligen van de Faculteit Landbouwwetenschappen, Rijksuniversiteit Gent., 38(1), 15-22.
  • Guinn, G., 1985. Abscisic acid and cutout in cotton. Plant Physiology, 77, 16-20.
  • Guinn, G.; Brummett, D.L., 1992. Influence of defruiting on the abscisic acid and indole-3-acetic acid contents of cotton leaves. Field Crops Research, 28(3), 257-262.
  • Heitholt, J.J., 1993. Cotton boll retention and its relationship to lint yield. Crop Science, 33, 486-490.
  • Heitholt, J.J., 1997. Floral bud removal from specific fruiting positions in cotton: Yield and fiber quality. Crop Science, 37, 826-832.
  • Holman, E.M. and Oosterhuis, D.M., 1999. Cotton photosynthesis and carbon partitioning in response to floral bud loss due to insect damage. Crop Science, 39, 1347-1351.
  • Jones, M.A., Wells, R. and Guthrie, D.S., 1996a. Cotton response to seasonal patterns of flower removal: I . Yield and fiber quality. Crop Science, 36, 633-638.
  • Jones, M.A., Wells, R. and Guthrie, D.S., 1996b. Cotton response to seasonal patterns of flower removal: II. Growth and dry matter allocation. Crop Science, 36, 639-645.
  • Karner, M.A., Goodson, J.R., Dugger, P. and Richter, D., 1998. Nodes above white flower: indicator to use to terminate cotton insect scouting and insect control. Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences, San Diego, California, USA, 5-9 January, 2:1326-1328.
  • Mann, J.E., Turnipseed, S.G., Sullivan, M.J., Adler, P.H., Durant, J.A. and May, O.L.., 1997. Effects of early-season loss of flower buds on yield, quality, and maturity of cotton in South Carolina. Journal of Economic Entomology, 90(5), 1324-1331.
  • Moreno-Alvarado, L.E., Nava-Camberos, V. and Byerly-Murphy, K.F.., 1990. Response of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) to the manual removal of fruits and its relationship to insect damage in two cotton production systems. Revista Chapingo, 15(67-68), 108-113.
  • Morton, N.., 1979. Time related factors in Heliothis control on cotton. Pesticide Science, 10(3), 254-270.
  • Oosterhuis, D.M., Tugwell, N.P., Teague, T.G. and Danforth, D.M.., 1999. A new method of assessing plant stress using the ratio of the change in square shedding to number of main-stem positions. Special-Report Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station. No. 193, 136-141.
  • Pan, Z.L., Ni, T.K., Chen, C.Y., Huang, G.L. and Wang, R.Q., 1987. Techniques for adjusting the flowering and fruiting period of cotton. Jiangsu Agricultural Science Jiangsu Nongye Kexue, 5, 3-4.
  • Patterson, L.L., Buxton, D.R.and Brıggs, R.E., 1978. Fruiting in cotton as affected by controlled boll set. Agronomy Journal, 70,118-122.
  • Pettigrew, WT., 1994. Source to sink manipulation effects on cotton lint yield and yield components. Agronomy Journal, 86, 731-735.
  • Pettigrew, W.T., Heitholt, J.J. and Meredith, W.R. Jr., 1992. Early season floral bud removal and cotton growth, yield, and fiber quality. Agronomy Journal, 84, 209-214.
  • Pettigrew, W.T., Heitholt, J.J. and Meredith, W.R. Jr., 1993. Early season ethephon application effects on cotton photosynthesis. Agronomy Journal, 85, 821-825.
  • Sadras, V.O., 1996. Cotton compensatory growth after loss of reproductive organs as affected by availability of resources and duration of recovery period. Oecologia, 106(4), 432-439.
  • Sadras, V.O., 1998. Herbivory tolerance of cotton expressing insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis: responses to damage caused by Helicoverpa spp. and to manual bud removal. Field Crops Research, 56, 287-299.
  • Stewart, S.D. and Sterling, W.L., 1989. Causes and temporal patterns of cotton fruit abscission. Journal of Economic Entomology, 82(3), 954-959.
  • Ungar, E.D., Kletter, E. and Genizi, A., 1989. Early season development of floral buds in cotton. Agronomy Journal, 81, 643-649.
  • Ungar, E.D., Kletter, E. and Genizi, A., 1992. Conservative response and stress-damage interactions in cotton reproductive development. Agronomy Journal, 84, 382-386.
  • Ungar, E.D., Wallach, D. and Kletter, E., 1987. Cotton Response to Bud and Boll Removal. Agronomy Journal, 79, 491-497.
  • Wells, R., 2001. Leaf pigment and canopy photosynthetic response to early flower removal in cotton. Crop Science, 41, 1522-1529.
  • Wilson, L.T. and Bishop, A.L., 1982. Responses of deltapine 16 cotton Gossypium hirsutum L. to simulated attacks by known populations of Heliothis larvae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in a field experiment in Queensland, Australia. Protection Ecology, 4(4), 371-380.
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Araştırma Makaleleri
Authors

Tuncay Demirbilek This is me

Abdulhabip Özel

Publication Date January 2, 2016
Submission Date January 2, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2015 Volume: 19 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Demirbilek, T., & Özel, A. (2016). The Effect of Removed Squares and Flowers of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.): I. Changes in Yield, Earliness and Fiber Properties. Harran Tarım Ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, 19(4), 199-208.

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