Araştırma Makalesi
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Geçmişe Dönük Aile Öngörülemezliği, Psikolojik Belirtiler ve Psikolojik Kırılganlık Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Yıl 2024, , 563 - 584, 15.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.17240/aibuefd.2024..-1170551

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı üniversite öğrencilerinde geçmişe dönük aile öngörülemezliği yaşantılarının depresyon, anksiyete ve stresle ilişkisinde psikolojik kırılganlığın aracı rolünün incelenmesidir. Araştırma korelasyonel olarak desenlenmiştir. Araştırmanın evrenini İstanbul’da üç devlet üniversitesinde 2021-2022 eğitim-öğretim yılı bahar döneminde lisans seviyesinde aktif olarak öğrenimlerine devam eden üniversite öğrencileri oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemi, kolay ulaşılabilir örnekleme ile belirlenen 247’u (%69,58) kadın, 108’u (%30,42) erkek, 355 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Bilgilendirilmiş onam formuyla birlikte araştırmada; kişisel bilgi formu, Geçmişe Dönük Aile Öngörülemezliği Ölçeği, Depresyon-Anksiyete-Stres Ölçeği Kısa Formu (DASS-21) ve Psikolojik Kırılganlık Ölçeği kullanılarak veriler toplanmıştır. Çalışmada kullanılan ölçeklerin geçerlik ve güvenirlik kanıtları sunulmuş, ölçeklerden elde edilen faktör puanları ile aracılık analizleri yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın asıl amacını oluşturan geçmişe dönük aile öngörülemezliği yaşantıları ile depresyon, anksiyete ve stresle ilişkisinde psikolojik kırılganlığın aracı rolü incelendiğinde, değişkenlerin tümünün birbirleri üzerinde anlamlı şekilde etkili olduğu ve psikolojik kırılganlığın kısmi aracı rolünün olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Çalışma tartışma ve ilgili alana önerilerle sonlandırılmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Akın, A. ve Eker, H. (2011).Turkish version of the psychological vulnerability scale: A study of validity and reliability. Paper presented at the 32th International Conference of the Stress and Anxiety Research Society (STAR), July, 18-20, Munster, Germany
  • Asbury, K., Wachs, T. D. ve Plomin, R. (2005). Environmental moderators of genetic influence on verbal and nonverbal abilities in early childhood. Intelligence, 33, 643-661.
  • Antypa, N., ve Van der Does, A. J. W. (2010). Serotonin transporter gene, childhood emotional abuse and cognitive vulnerability to depression. Genes, Brain and Behavior, 9(6), 615-620.
  • Antypa, N., Verkuil, B., Molendijk, M., Schoevers, R., Penninx, B. W., ve Van Der Does, W. (2017). Associations between chronotypes and psychological vulnerability factors of depression. Chronobiology international, 34(8), 1125-1135.
  • Ban, L., Gibson, J. E., West, J., Fiaschi, L., Sokal, R., Smeeth, L., ... ve Tata, L. J. (2014). Maternal depression, antidepressant prescriptions, and congenital anomaly risk in offspring: a population‐based cohort study. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 121(12), 1471-1481.
  • Bayram, N. (2016). Yapısal eşitlik modellemesine giriş: AMOS uygulamaları. Ezgi Kitabevi.
  • Bohnert, A. M., Martin, N. C., ve Garber, J. (2007). Predicting adolescents' organized activity involvement: The role of maternal depression history, family relationship quality, and adolescent cognitions. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 17(1), 221-244.
  • Birliği, A. P. (2013). Ruhsal bozuklukların tanısal ve sayımsal el kitabı. Beşinci Baskı (DSM-5), Tanı Ölçütleri Başvuru Elkitabı (Çev.: E Köroğlu) Hekimler Yayın Birliği, Ankara, 129-31.
  • Baltaş, A., & Baltaş, Z. (2016). Stres ve stresle başa çıkma yolları. İstanbul: Remzi Yayınevi.
  • Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182.
  • Bassani, L., Antypa, N., ve Serretti, A. (2013). Childhood maltreatment and neurobiological vulnerability to depression: A review. Clinical Neuropsychiatry: Journal of Treatment Evaluation, 10(6), 260-27
  • Beck, A. T., Brown, G., Steer, R. A., Eidelson, J. I., & Riskind, J. H. (1987). Differentiating anxiety and depression: A test of the cognitive content-specificity hypothesis. Journal of abnormal psychology, 96(3), 179.
  • Boyce, P., Parker, G., Barnett, B., Cooney, M., ve Smith, F., (1991). Personality as a vulnerability factor to depression. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 159(1), 106-114.
  • Brown, S., Brady, G., Franklin, A., Bradley, L., Kerrigan, N., ve Sealey, C. (2016). Child sexual abuse and exploitation: understanding risk and vulnerability. Early Intervention Foundation
  • Bowlby, J. (2012). Bağlanma. TV Soylu (çev.), İstanbul: Pinhan Yayıncılık (Orijinal Baskı Tarihi 1969), 74.
  • Bifulco, A., Moran, P. M., Ball, C., Jacobs, C., Baines, R., Bunn, A., ve Cavagin, J. (2002). Childhood adversity, parental vulnerability and disorder: examining inter‐generational transmission of risk. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 43(8), 1075-1086.
  • Cüceloğlu, D. (2012). İnsan ve davranışı, 23. Baskı, İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi, 201.
  • Canter, A., Imboden, J. B., ve Cluff, L. E. (1966). The frequency of physical illness as a function of prior psychological vulnerability and contemporary stress. Psychosomatic medicine, 28(4), 344-350.
  • Cummins, J. R. C., Ireland, M., Resnick, M. D., & Blum, R. W. (1999). Correlates of physical and emotional health among Native American adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 24(1), 38-44.
  • Crocker, J., & Park, L. E. (2003). Seeking self-esteem: Construction, maintenance, and protection of self-worth. In M. R. Leary & J. P. Tangney (Eds.), Handbook of self and identity (p. 291–313). The Guilford Press.
  • Chisholm, J. S. (1996). The evolutionary ecology of attachment organization. Human Nature 7, 1–38.
  • Constantine, L. L. (1986). Family paradigms: The practice of theory in family therapy. New York: Guilford Press.
  • Carlton, B. S., Goebert, D. A., Miyamoto, R. H., Andrade, N. N., Hishinuma, E. S., Makini, G. … Nishimura, S. T. (2006). Resilience, family adversity and wellbeing among Hawaiian and non-Hawaiian adolescents. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 52, 291-308.
  • Craddock, A. E. (2001). Family system and family functioning: Circumplex model and FACES IV. Journal of Family Studies, 7, 29-39
  • Creswell, J. W. (2017). Araştırma deseni: Nitel, nicel ve karma yöntem yaklaşımları. İstanbul: Eğiten Kitap
  • Conner, K. R., Duberstein, P. R., Conwell, Y., Seidlitz, L., ve Caine, E. D. (2001). Psychological vulnerability to completed suicide: a review of empirical studies. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 31(4), 367-385.
  • Ekşi, H., Özkapu-Erök, D., & Ümmet, D. (2019). Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Psikolojik Kırılganlıkla Öznel Zindelik Arasındaki İlişkide Genel Psikolojik Sağlığın Aracı Rolü. Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7(5), 183-190.
  • Enns, M. W., Cox, B. J., ve Clara, I. P. (2005). Perfectionism and neuroticism: A longitudinal study of specific vulnerability and diathesis-stress models. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 29(4), 463-478.
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A Study on Retrospective Family Unpredictability, Psychological Symptoms and Psychological Vulnerability

Yıl 2024, , 563 - 584, 15.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.17240/aibuefd.2024..-1170551

Öz

The aim of this study is to examine the mediating role of psychological vulnerability in the relationship between retrospective family unpredictability experiences with depression, anxiety and stress in university students. The research was designed as correlational. The universe of the research consists of university students who are actively continuing their education at the undergraduate level in the spring semester of the 2021-2022 academic year at three state universities in Istanbul. The sample of the study consists of 355 students, 247 (69.58%) female, 108 (30.42%) male, determined by convenience sampling. In the research together with the informed consent form; Data were collected using the personal information form, the Retrospective Family Unpredictability Scale, the Depression-Anxiety-Stress Short Form (DASS-21) and the Psychological Vulnerability Scale. Validity and reliability proofs of the scales used in the study were presented, and mediation analyzes were made with the factor scores obtained from the scales. When the mediating role of psychological fragility in the relationship between retrospective family unpredictability experiences and depression, anxiety and stress, which constitutes the main purpose of the study, was examined, it was concluded that all of the variables had a significant effect on each other and that psychological vulnerability had a partial mediator role. The study was concluded with discussion and recommendations to the related field.

Kaynakça

  • Akın, A. ve Eker, H. (2011).Turkish version of the psychological vulnerability scale: A study of validity and reliability. Paper presented at the 32th International Conference of the Stress and Anxiety Research Society (STAR), July, 18-20, Munster, Germany
  • Asbury, K., Wachs, T. D. ve Plomin, R. (2005). Environmental moderators of genetic influence on verbal and nonverbal abilities in early childhood. Intelligence, 33, 643-661.
  • Antypa, N., ve Van der Does, A. J. W. (2010). Serotonin transporter gene, childhood emotional abuse and cognitive vulnerability to depression. Genes, Brain and Behavior, 9(6), 615-620.
  • Antypa, N., Verkuil, B., Molendijk, M., Schoevers, R., Penninx, B. W., ve Van Der Does, W. (2017). Associations between chronotypes and psychological vulnerability factors of depression. Chronobiology international, 34(8), 1125-1135.
  • Ban, L., Gibson, J. E., West, J., Fiaschi, L., Sokal, R., Smeeth, L., ... ve Tata, L. J. (2014). Maternal depression, antidepressant prescriptions, and congenital anomaly risk in offspring: a population‐based cohort study. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 121(12), 1471-1481.
  • Bayram, N. (2016). Yapısal eşitlik modellemesine giriş: AMOS uygulamaları. Ezgi Kitabevi.
  • Bohnert, A. M., Martin, N. C., ve Garber, J. (2007). Predicting adolescents' organized activity involvement: The role of maternal depression history, family relationship quality, and adolescent cognitions. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 17(1), 221-244.
  • Birliği, A. P. (2013). Ruhsal bozuklukların tanısal ve sayımsal el kitabı. Beşinci Baskı (DSM-5), Tanı Ölçütleri Başvuru Elkitabı (Çev.: E Köroğlu) Hekimler Yayın Birliği, Ankara, 129-31.
  • Baltaş, A., & Baltaş, Z. (2016). Stres ve stresle başa çıkma yolları. İstanbul: Remzi Yayınevi.
  • Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182.
  • Bassani, L., Antypa, N., ve Serretti, A. (2013). Childhood maltreatment and neurobiological vulnerability to depression: A review. Clinical Neuropsychiatry: Journal of Treatment Evaluation, 10(6), 260-27
  • Beck, A. T., Brown, G., Steer, R. A., Eidelson, J. I., & Riskind, J. H. (1987). Differentiating anxiety and depression: A test of the cognitive content-specificity hypothesis. Journal of abnormal psychology, 96(3), 179.
  • Boyce, P., Parker, G., Barnett, B., Cooney, M., ve Smith, F., (1991). Personality as a vulnerability factor to depression. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 159(1), 106-114.
  • Brown, S., Brady, G., Franklin, A., Bradley, L., Kerrigan, N., ve Sealey, C. (2016). Child sexual abuse and exploitation: understanding risk and vulnerability. Early Intervention Foundation
  • Bowlby, J. (2012). Bağlanma. TV Soylu (çev.), İstanbul: Pinhan Yayıncılık (Orijinal Baskı Tarihi 1969), 74.
  • Bifulco, A., Moran, P. M., Ball, C., Jacobs, C., Baines, R., Bunn, A., ve Cavagin, J. (2002). Childhood adversity, parental vulnerability and disorder: examining inter‐generational transmission of risk. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 43(8), 1075-1086.
  • Cüceloğlu, D. (2012). İnsan ve davranışı, 23. Baskı, İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi, 201.
  • Canter, A., Imboden, J. B., ve Cluff, L. E. (1966). The frequency of physical illness as a function of prior psychological vulnerability and contemporary stress. Psychosomatic medicine, 28(4), 344-350.
  • Cummins, J. R. C., Ireland, M., Resnick, M. D., & Blum, R. W. (1999). Correlates of physical and emotional health among Native American adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 24(1), 38-44.
  • Crocker, J., & Park, L. E. (2003). Seeking self-esteem: Construction, maintenance, and protection of self-worth. In M. R. Leary & J. P. Tangney (Eds.), Handbook of self and identity (p. 291–313). The Guilford Press.
  • Chisholm, J. S. (1996). The evolutionary ecology of attachment organization. Human Nature 7, 1–38.
  • Constantine, L. L. (1986). Family paradigms: The practice of theory in family therapy. New York: Guilford Press.
  • Carlton, B. S., Goebert, D. A., Miyamoto, R. H., Andrade, N. N., Hishinuma, E. S., Makini, G. … Nishimura, S. T. (2006). Resilience, family adversity and wellbeing among Hawaiian and non-Hawaiian adolescents. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 52, 291-308.
  • Craddock, A. E. (2001). Family system and family functioning: Circumplex model and FACES IV. Journal of Family Studies, 7, 29-39
  • Creswell, J. W. (2017). Araştırma deseni: Nitel, nicel ve karma yöntem yaklaşımları. İstanbul: Eğiten Kitap
  • Conner, K. R., Duberstein, P. R., Conwell, Y., Seidlitz, L., ve Caine, E. D. (2001). Psychological vulnerability to completed suicide: a review of empirical studies. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 31(4), 367-385.
  • Ekşi, H., Özkapu-Erök, D., & Ümmet, D. (2019). Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Psikolojik Kırılganlıkla Öznel Zindelik Arasındaki İlişkide Genel Psikolojik Sağlığın Aracı Rolü. Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7(5), 183-190.
  • Enns, M. W., Cox, B. J., ve Clara, I. P. (2005). Perfectionism and neuroticism: A longitudinal study of specific vulnerability and diathesis-stress models. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 29(4), 463-478.
  • Fiske, S. T. ve Taylor, S. E. (1991). Social cognition. New York NY: McGraw-Hill.
  • Folkman, S., ve Lazarus, R. S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping (pp. 150-153). New York: Springer Publishing Company.
  • Field, A. (2009). Discovering Statistics Using SPSS: Introducing Statistical Method (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Gürbüz, S., & Şahin, F. (2016). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayınevi.
  • Geçtan, E. (2012). Psikanaliz ve sonrası. İstanbul: Metis Yayıncılık.
  • Glynn, L. M., Stern, H. S., Howland, M. A., Risbrough, V. B., Baker, D. G., Nievergelt, C. M., Baram, T. Z. ve Davis, E. P. (2019). Measuring Novel Antecedents of Mental Ġllness: The Questionnaire of Unpredictability in Childhood. Neuropsychopharmacology, 44(5): 876-882.
  • Hill, E. M., Ross, L. T. ve Low, B. S. (1997). The role of future unpredictability in human risk-taking. Human Nature, 8, 287-325.
  • Hong, R. Y., ve Cheung, M. W. L. (2015). The structure of cognitive vulnerabilities to depression and anxiety: Evidence for a common core etiologic process based on a metaanalytic review. Clinical Psychological Science, 3(6), 892-912.
  • Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
  • Ingram, R. E., & Price, J. M. (Eds.). (2010). Vulnerability to psychopathology: Risk across the lifespan. Guilford Press.
  • Ingram, R. E., ve Luxton, D. D. (2005). Vulnerability-stress models. Development of psychopathology: A vulnerability-stress perspective, 46.
  • Katkovsky, W., Crandall, V. C. ve Good, S. (1967). Parental antecedents of children's beliefs in internal-external control of reinforcements in intellectual achievement situations. Child Development, 38, 765-776.
  • Kolak, A. M., Van Wade, C. L., & Ross, L. T. (2018). Family unpredictability and psychological distress in early adulthood: The role of family closeness and coping mechanisms. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 27, 3842-3852. doi: 10.1007/s10826-018-1211-4
  • Kalkan, M. (2021). Aile öngörülemezliği, ebeveyn tutumları ve duygu düzenleme güçlüğünün geç ergenlik dönemindeki kişilik bozukluklarını yordayıcı etkilerinin incelenmesi (Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). İstanbul Sabahattin Zaim Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
  • Kashdan, T. B., Barrios, V., Forsyth, J. P., ve Steger, M. F. (2006). Experiential avoidance as a generalized psychological vulnerability: Comparisons with coping and emotion regulation strategies. Behaviour research and therapy, 44(9), 1301-1320.
  • Lee, G. A., ve Scanlon, A. (2007). The use of the term'vulnerability'in acute care: why does it differ and what does it mean?. Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing, The, 24(3), 54.
  • Lovibond, P. F., ve Lovibond, S. H. (1995). The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. Behaviour research and therapy, 33(3), 335-343.
  • Mechanic, D., ve Tanner, J. (2007). Vulnerable people, groups, and populations: societal view. Health Affairs, 26(5), 1220-1230.
  • Manne, S., Duhamel, K., ve Redd, W. H. (2000). Association of psychological vulnerability factors to post‐traumatic stress symptomatology in mothers of pediatric cancer survivors. Psycho‐Oncology: Journal of the Psychological, Social and Behavioral Dimensions of Cancer, 9(5), 372-384.
  • Main, M., Kaplan, N. ve Cassidy, J. (1985). Security in infancy, childhood, and adulthood: A move to the level of representation. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 50, 66-104.
  • McCrory, E. J., Gerin, M. I., ve Viding, E. (2017). Annual research review: childhood maltreatment, latent vulnerability and the shift to preventative psychiatry–the contribution of functional brain imaging. Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, 58(4), 338-357
  • McCrory, E. J., ve Viding, E. (2015). The theory of latent vulnerability: Reconceptualizing the link between childhood maltreatment and psychiatric disorder. Development and psychopathology, 27(2), 493-505
  • McEwen, B. S., & Morrison, J. H. (2013). The brain on stress: vulnerability and plasticity of the prefrontal cortex over the life course. Neuron, 79(1), 16-29
  • Oktay, F. ve Uluç, S. (2019). The Turkish Adaptation Study Of Retrospective Family Unpredictability Scale. Social Sciences Studies Journal, 5(31): 1153-1161.
  • Özerkan, K. N. (2003) Üniversiteli Basketbolcularda Yarışma Öncesi Kaygı Düzeyi İle Performans Arasındaki İlişki. İstanbul Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(3): 4-6
  • Petrill, S. A., Pike, A., Price, T. ve Plomin, R. (2004). Chaos in the home and socioeconomic status are associated with cognitive development in early childhood: Environmental mediators identified in a genetic design. Intelligence, 32, 445-460.
  • Patterson, G. R., Reid, J. B. ve Dishion, T. J. (1992). Antisocial boys. Eugene, OR: Castalia.
  • Ramos, M. C., Guerin, D. W., Gottfried, A. W., Bathurst, K., & Oliver, P. H. (2005). Family conflict and children's behavior problems: the moderating role of child temperament. Structural equation modeling, 12(2), 278-298.
  • Radtke, K. M., Schauer, M., Gunter, H. M., Ruf-Leuschner, M., Sill, J., Meyer, A., ve Elbert, T. (2015). Epigenetic modifications of the glucocorticoid receptor gene are associated with the vulnerability to psychopathology in childhood maltreatment. Translational psychiatry, 5(5), e571-e571.
  • Ross, L. T. ve Hill, E. M. (2000). The Family Unpredictability Scale: Reliability and Validity. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 62(2): 549-562.
  • Ross, L. T., & McDuff, J. A. (2008). The retrospective family unpredictability scale: Reliability and validity. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 17, 13-27.
  • Ross, L. T., Hood, C. O. ve Short, S. D. (2016). Unpredictability and Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 35(5): 371- 385.
  • Ross, L. T. ve Wynne, S. (2010). Parental depression and divorce and adult children’s well being: The role of family unpredictability. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 19, 757-761.
  • Ross, L. T., Heming, B., & Lane, A. (2022). Family Unpredictability and Sense of Coherence: Relationships With Anxiety and Depression in Two Samples. Psychological Reports, 00332941221080409.
  • Sherman, D. K., Bunyan, D. P., Creswell, J. D., ve Jaremka, L. M. (2009). Psychological vulnerability and stress: The effects of self-affirmation on sympathetic nervous system responses to naturalistic stressors. Health Psychology, 28(5), 554
  • Schumacker, R. E., ve Lomax, R. G. (2004). A beginner's guide to structural equation modeling. psychology press
  • Shelton, C. I. (2004). Diagnosis and management of anxiety disorders. Journal of the American Osteopathic Association, 104(3).
  • Selye, H. (1970). The evolution of the stress concept: Stress and cardiovascular disease. The American journal of cardiology, 26(3), 289-299.
  • Sinclair, V.G., ve Wallston, K.A. (1999). The development and validation of the Psychological Vulnerability Scale. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 23(2), 119-129.
  • Scalf‐McIver, L. ve Thompson, J. K. (1989). Family correlates of bulimic characteristics in college females. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 45, 467-472
  • Sarıçalı, M. (2020). Üniversite öğrencilerinde Olumlu Mizah kullanımı ve özgünlük ilişkisinde bilişsel esnekliğin ve Psikolojik kırılganlığın aracılığı: Karma Desen araştırma. (Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi). Anadolu Üniversitesi, Eskişehir.
  • Türkçapar, H. M. (2018). Bilişsel Davranışçı Terapi. 11. Baskı. İstanbul: Epsilon Yayınevi
  • Thoits, P. A. (1982). Life stress, social support, and psychological vulnerability: Epidemiological considerations. Journal of Community Psychology, 10(4), 341-362.
  • Yılmaz, Ö., Boz, H., ve Arslan, A. (2017). Depresyon Anksiyete Stres Ölçeğinin (Dass 21) Türkçe Kısa Formunun Geçerlilik-Güvenilirlik Çalışması. Finans Ekonomi ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi (FESA), 2(2), 78-91.
  • Yıldız, S. (2020). Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Çocukluk Çağı Ruhsal Travma Yaşantılarının Psikolojik Kırılganlıkla İlişkisinde Depresyon, Anksiyete ve Stresin Aracı Rolü. (Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Marmara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • Yıldırım, F. (2016). Aile Öngörülemezliği ve Ebeveynleşmenin Üniversite Öğrencilerinin depresyon düzeyi, Öfke Tarzı ve Obsesif İnanışları Üzerindeki Etkisinin İncelenmesi (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • Yıldırım, B., ve Sarıçam, H., (2022). Beliren Yetişkinlerin Mükemmeliyetçilik ve Psikolojik Kırılganlık Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi. Erciyes Akademi, 36(1), 228-252.
  • Yeşilkanat, G (2018). Aleksitimi, Duygusal Denge Ve Depresyonun Kırılganlığa Etkisinin İncelenmesi (Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Fatih Sultan Mehmet Vakıf Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul
  • Widows, M. R., Jacobsen, P. B., ve Fields, K. K. (2000). Relation of psychological vulnerability factors to posttraumatic stress disorder symptomatology in bone marrow transplant recipients. Psychosomatic Medicine, 62(6), 873-882.
  • World Health Organization. (2006). Preventing child maltreatment: a guide to taking action and generating evidence.
Toplam 78 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Alan Eğitimleri (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Selcan Yıldız 0000-0002-3928-2178

Müge Yukay Yüksel 0000-0002-7425-2716

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Mart 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 3 Eylül 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024

Kaynak Göster

APA Yıldız, S., & Yukay Yüksel, M. (2024). Geçmişe Dönük Aile Öngörülemezliği, Psikolojik Belirtiler ve Psikolojik Kırılganlık Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 24(1), 563-584. https://doi.org/10.17240/aibuefd.2024..-1170551