Derleme
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Serbest Piyasa, Birey ve Sosyal İlişkiler

Yıl 2019, , 1 - 15, 20.03.2019
https://doi.org/10.32709/akusosbil.409318

Öz

Serbest piyasa sistemi en baskın ekonomik sistem
haline gelmiştir. Her ne kadar serbest piyasa sistemi insanların hayatın her alanında
önemli kazanımlar elde etmelerine imkan vermişse de,  günümüzde pek çok soruna sebep olmaktadır. Yabancılaşma,
güvensizlik ve stressten kaynaklanan hastalıkların yaygınlık kazanması, aile-iş
çatışması, cinsiyet eşitsizliğinin derinleşmesi, gelirin belli bir azınlığın
elinde toplanması, piyasa değerlerinin hayatın tüm katmanlarına sızması ve
piyasa dışı değerleri yerinden etmesi, baskıya dayalı yeni güç ilişkileri bu
sorunlardan bazılarıdır. Bu makalenin temel amacı bireysel çıkar, güç,
hiyerarşi, yıkıcı rekabet ve aç gözlülük gibi değerlere dayanan piyasanın
alternatifi olarak alturistik davranış, şefkat ve empati gibi değerlere dayalı
farklı bir piyasa anlayışının benimsenmesinin piyasa kaynaklı sorunları
azaltacağını ortaya koymaktır. İlk olarak, serbest piyasanın iktisadi özne imgesi
eleştirel olarak ele alınmaktadır ve alturistik iktisadi bir öznenin bireysel
çıkarı benimseyen iktisadi öznenin yerini alması gerektiği savunulmaktadır. İkinci
olarak serbest piyasa anlayışının sebep olduğu bazı sorunları azaltmakta sosyal
ilişkilerin önemli bir fonksiyonu olduğu ileri sürülmektedir. 

Kaynakça

  • Andreoni, J. and Rao J. M. (2011). “The power of asking: How Communication Affects Selfishness, Empathy and Altruism”, Journal of Public Economics, 95(7-8): 513-520.
  • Bartolini, S. (2014). “Relational Goods”, İçinde Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research, (Ed. A. C. Michalos), Dordrecht: Springer, 5428-5429.
  • Bartolini, S. ve Bilancini, E. (2010). “If not only GDP, What Else? Using Relational Goods to Predict the Trends of Subjective Well Being”, International Reviews of Economics, 57(2): 199-213.
  • Batson, D. (2015). “The Egoism-Altruism Debate: A Psychological Perspective”, İçinde: Caring Economics: Conservations on Altruism and Compassion between Scientist, Economists, and the Dalai Lama, (Ed. T. Singer ve M. Richard), NY: Picador, 15-27.
  • Becchetti, L. , Trovato, G. , Bedoya, D. A. L. (2011). “Income, Relational Goods and Happiness”, Applied Economics, 43(3): 273-290.Bechetti, L., Pelloni A. ve Rosetti, F. (2008). “Relational Goods, Sociability, and Happiness”, KYKLOS, 61(3): 343-363.
  • Benenson, J., Pascoe, J. ve Radmore, N. (2007). “Children’s Altruistic Behavior in the Dictator Game”, Evolution and Human Behavior, 28(2007): 168-175.Binswager, M. (2006). “Why does Income Growth Fail to Make Us Happier? Searching for the Treadmills behind the Paradox of Happiness”, The Journal of Socio-Economics, 35(2006): 366-381.
  • Blanchflower, D.G. ve Oswald A.J. (2004). “Well-being over Time in Britain and the USA”, Journal of Public Economics, 88(2004): 1359–1386.
  • Brickman, P.E. ve Campbell, D.T., (1971). “Hedonic Relativism and Planning the Good Society”, İçinde Adaptation-Level Theories, (Ed. M.H. Appley), New York: Academic Press, 287-303.
  • Brunori, L. (2003). “Relational Goods in Society, Mind and Brain: Between Neurons and Happiness”, Group Analysis, 36(4): 515-525.
  • Davidson, R. (2015). “The Neural Bases of Compassion”, İçinde Caring Economics: Conservations on Altruism and Compassion between Scientist, Economists, and the Dalai Lama, (Ed. T. Singer ve M. Richard), NY: Picador, 45-57.
  • Debra, S. (2007). “Liberalism, Economic Freedom, and The Limits Of Markets”, Social Philosophy and Policy Foundation, 24(1):120-140.
  • Donati, P. ve Calvo P. (2014). “New Insights into Relational Goods”. Recerca, Revista De Pensament I Analisi, 14(2014): 7-17.
  • Easterlin, R. A. (1974). “Does Economic Growth Improve the Human Lot?”, İçinde Nations and Households in Economic Growth: Essays in Honor of Moses Abramovitz, (Eds. P. A. David ve M. W. Reder), New York (NY): Academic Press, 89–125.
  • Easterlin, R.A., (1995). “Will Raising the Incomes of All Increase the Happiness of All?”, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 27(1): 35–47.Easterlin, R.A., (2001). “Income and Happiness: Towards a Unified Theory”, The Economic Journal, 111(473): 465–484.
  • Eisler, R. (2007). The Real Wealth of Nations: Creating a Caring Economics, San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, Inc.
  • Fehr, E. (2015). “The Social Dilemma Experiment”, İçinde Caring Economics: Conservations on Altruism and Compassion between Scientist, Economists, and the Dalai Lama, (Ed. T. Singer ve M. Richard), NY: Picador,77-85.
  • Fehr, E. ve Fischbacher, U. (2003). “The Nature of Human Altruism”. Nature, 425, 785-791.Fehr, E. ve Fischbacher, U. (2004). “Third Party Punishment and Social Norms”, Evolution and Human Behavior, 25(2004): 63-87.
  • Fehr, E. ve Rockenbach B. (2004). “Human Altruism: Economic, Neural and Evolutionary Perspective”, Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 14, 784-790.
  • Fehr, E., Bernhard, H. ve Rockenbach, B. (2008). “Egalitarianism in Young Children”, Nature, 454, 1079-1083.Frank, R.H. (1999). Luxury Fever: Why Money Fails to Satisfy in Era of Excess, New York: The Free Press.
  • Gintis, H., Bowles, S., Boyd, R. ve Fehr, E. (2003). “Explaining Altruistic Behavior in Humans”, Evolution and Human Behavior, 24(2003): 153-172.Gui, B. ve Stanca, L. (2010). “Happines and Relational Goods: Well-Being and Interpersonal Relations in the Economic Sphere”, International Reviews of Economics, 57(2): 105-118.
  • Gui, B. ve Sugden, R. (2005). “Why Interpersonal Relations Matter for Economic”, İçinde Economics and Social Interaction Accounting for Interpersonal Relations, (Eds. B. Gui and R. Sugden), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1-22.
  • Gummerum, M. , Yaniv, H. , Monika, K., Katie, P., Alegra, H. (2010). “Preschoolers’ Allocations in the Dictator Game: The Role of Moral Emotions,. Journal of Economic Psychology, 31(1): 25-34.
  • Harbough, W. (2015). “Why People Give To Charity”, İçinde Caring Economics: Conservations on Altruism and Compassion between Scientist, Economists, and the Dalai Lama, (Ed. T. Singer ve M. Richard), NY: Picador, 97-115.
  • Hayek, F. (2004). Kölelik Yolu, (Çev. Turhan Feyzioğlu veYıldıray Aslan), Ankara: Liberte Yayınları.
  • Henrich, J., Boyd, R., Bowles, S., Camerer, C., Fehr, E., Gintis, H., McElreath, R., Alvard, M., Barr, A., Ensminger, J., Henrich, N. S., Hill, K., Gil-White, F., Gurven, M., Marlowe, F. W., Patton, J. Q., & Tracer, D. (2005). “Economic Man in Cross-Cultural Perspective: Behavioral Experiments in 15 Small-scale Societies”, Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 28(6): 795–855.
  • Huang, H. ve Humphreys, B. R. (2012). “Sports Participation and Happiness: Evidence from US Microdata”, Journal of Economic Psychology, 33(4): 776–793. Layard, R. (2015). “The Economics of Happiness”. İçinde Caring Economics: Conservations on Altruism and Compassion between Scientist, Economists, and the Dalai Lama, (Ed. T. Singer ve M. Richard), NY: Picador, 97-115.
  • Lotito, G., Migheli, M. ve Ortona, G. (2015). “An Experimental Inquiry into the Nature of Relational Goods, and Their Impact on Co-operation”, Group Decision and Negotiation, 24(4): 699-722.
  • Meier, S. ve Stutzer, A. (2008). “Is Volunteering Rewarding in Itself?”, Economica, 75(297): 39-59.Nozick, R. (2006). Anarşi, Devlet ve Ütopya, (Çev. Alişan Oktay), 2. Baskı, İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Ohtsubo, Y., Masuda, F., Watanabe, E., Masuchi, A. (2010). “Dishonesty Invites Costly Third Party Punishment”, Evolution and Behavior, 31(4): 259-264.
  • Piff, P. K., Kraus, M. W., Kote, S., Cheng, H. ve Keltner, D. (2010). “Having less, Giving More: The Influence of Social Class on Prosocial Behavior”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 99(5): 771-784.Prandini, R. (2014). “Family Relations as Social Capital, Journal of Comparative Family Studies, XLV(2): 221-234.
  • Rasciute, S., Downward, P. and Greene W. H. (2017). “Do Relational Goods Raise Well-Being? An Econometric Analysis”, Eastern Economic Journal, 43(4): 563-579.
  • Richard, M. (2015). “A Buddhist Perspective for Survival: Altruism”, İçinde Caring Economics: Conservations on Altruism and Compassion between Scientist, Economists, and the Dalai Lama, (Ed. T. Singer ve M. Richard), NY: Picador, 45-57
  • Schütz, E., Sailer, U., Nima, A. A., Rosenberg, P., Arnten, A. A., Archer, T., D. Garcia, D. (2013). “The Affective Profiles in the USA: Happiness, Depression, Life Satisfaction and Happiness Increasing Strategies”, Peer J, 1-19.
  • Singer, T. (2015). “Empathy and the Interoceptive Cortex”, İçinde Caring Economics: Conservations on Altruism and Compassion between Scientist, Economists, and the Dalai Lama, (Ed. T. Singer ve M. Richard), NY: Picador, 27-45.
  • Singer, T. ve Klimecki, O. M. (2014). “Empathy and Compassion”, Current Biology, 24(18): 875-878.Smith, A. (2004). The Theory of Moral Sentiments. (Ed. K. Haakonssen), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Smith, A. (2006). Milletlerin Zenginliği, (Çev. H. Derin), İstanbul:Türkiye İş Bankası Yayınları.Uhlaner, C. J. (1989)."Relational Goods" and Participation: Incorporating Sociability into a Theory of Rational Action”, Public Choice, 62(3): 253-285.
  • Uhlaner, C. J. (2014). “Relational Goods and Resolving the Paradox of Political Participation”, Recerca, Revista De Pensament I Analisi, 14(2014): 47-72.

Free Market, Individual and Relational Goods

Yıl 2019, , 1 - 15, 20.03.2019
https://doi.org/10.32709/akusosbil.409318

Öz

The
Free Market System has become the most dominant economic system. Although the
free market system has provided people with the most significant personal
gains, this system still leads to many problems. Alienation, widespread
diseases steming from distrust and stress, family-work conflict, extensive
gender inequality, income accumulation in the hands of a few people, free
market values infiltrating other spheres of life and overcrowding nonmarket
values, relations based on force and power politics are some of the problems
that the free market order brings out. The purpose of this study is to put
forward an alternative understanding of the free market based on values such as
altruistic behavior, compassion and empathy in order to solve problems caused
by the free market system based on self interest, power, hierarchy, distructive
competition and greed. First, in this study the idea of the economic agent of
the free market is critically examined. This study suggests that an altrustic
economic agent should replace a self interest oriented economic agent. Second,
it is argued that relational goods have a substantial role in decreasing some
of the problems yielded by the free market sytem.

Kaynakça

  • Andreoni, J. and Rao J. M. (2011). “The power of asking: How Communication Affects Selfishness, Empathy and Altruism”, Journal of Public Economics, 95(7-8): 513-520.
  • Bartolini, S. (2014). “Relational Goods”, İçinde Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research, (Ed. A. C. Michalos), Dordrecht: Springer, 5428-5429.
  • Bartolini, S. ve Bilancini, E. (2010). “If not only GDP, What Else? Using Relational Goods to Predict the Trends of Subjective Well Being”, International Reviews of Economics, 57(2): 199-213.
  • Batson, D. (2015). “The Egoism-Altruism Debate: A Psychological Perspective”, İçinde: Caring Economics: Conservations on Altruism and Compassion between Scientist, Economists, and the Dalai Lama, (Ed. T. Singer ve M. Richard), NY: Picador, 15-27.
  • Becchetti, L. , Trovato, G. , Bedoya, D. A. L. (2011). “Income, Relational Goods and Happiness”, Applied Economics, 43(3): 273-290.Bechetti, L., Pelloni A. ve Rosetti, F. (2008). “Relational Goods, Sociability, and Happiness”, KYKLOS, 61(3): 343-363.
  • Benenson, J., Pascoe, J. ve Radmore, N. (2007). “Children’s Altruistic Behavior in the Dictator Game”, Evolution and Human Behavior, 28(2007): 168-175.Binswager, M. (2006). “Why does Income Growth Fail to Make Us Happier? Searching for the Treadmills behind the Paradox of Happiness”, The Journal of Socio-Economics, 35(2006): 366-381.
  • Blanchflower, D.G. ve Oswald A.J. (2004). “Well-being over Time in Britain and the USA”, Journal of Public Economics, 88(2004): 1359–1386.
  • Brickman, P.E. ve Campbell, D.T., (1971). “Hedonic Relativism and Planning the Good Society”, İçinde Adaptation-Level Theories, (Ed. M.H. Appley), New York: Academic Press, 287-303.
  • Brunori, L. (2003). “Relational Goods in Society, Mind and Brain: Between Neurons and Happiness”, Group Analysis, 36(4): 515-525.
  • Davidson, R. (2015). “The Neural Bases of Compassion”, İçinde Caring Economics: Conservations on Altruism and Compassion between Scientist, Economists, and the Dalai Lama, (Ed. T. Singer ve M. Richard), NY: Picador, 45-57.
  • Debra, S. (2007). “Liberalism, Economic Freedom, and The Limits Of Markets”, Social Philosophy and Policy Foundation, 24(1):120-140.
  • Donati, P. ve Calvo P. (2014). “New Insights into Relational Goods”. Recerca, Revista De Pensament I Analisi, 14(2014): 7-17.
  • Easterlin, R. A. (1974). “Does Economic Growth Improve the Human Lot?”, İçinde Nations and Households in Economic Growth: Essays in Honor of Moses Abramovitz, (Eds. P. A. David ve M. W. Reder), New York (NY): Academic Press, 89–125.
  • Easterlin, R.A., (1995). “Will Raising the Incomes of All Increase the Happiness of All?”, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 27(1): 35–47.Easterlin, R.A., (2001). “Income and Happiness: Towards a Unified Theory”, The Economic Journal, 111(473): 465–484.
  • Eisler, R. (2007). The Real Wealth of Nations: Creating a Caring Economics, San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, Inc.
  • Fehr, E. (2015). “The Social Dilemma Experiment”, İçinde Caring Economics: Conservations on Altruism and Compassion between Scientist, Economists, and the Dalai Lama, (Ed. T. Singer ve M. Richard), NY: Picador,77-85.
  • Fehr, E. ve Fischbacher, U. (2003). “The Nature of Human Altruism”. Nature, 425, 785-791.Fehr, E. ve Fischbacher, U. (2004). “Third Party Punishment and Social Norms”, Evolution and Human Behavior, 25(2004): 63-87.
  • Fehr, E. ve Rockenbach B. (2004). “Human Altruism: Economic, Neural and Evolutionary Perspective”, Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 14, 784-790.
  • Fehr, E., Bernhard, H. ve Rockenbach, B. (2008). “Egalitarianism in Young Children”, Nature, 454, 1079-1083.Frank, R.H. (1999). Luxury Fever: Why Money Fails to Satisfy in Era of Excess, New York: The Free Press.
  • Gintis, H., Bowles, S., Boyd, R. ve Fehr, E. (2003). “Explaining Altruistic Behavior in Humans”, Evolution and Human Behavior, 24(2003): 153-172.Gui, B. ve Stanca, L. (2010). “Happines and Relational Goods: Well-Being and Interpersonal Relations in the Economic Sphere”, International Reviews of Economics, 57(2): 105-118.
  • Gui, B. ve Sugden, R. (2005). “Why Interpersonal Relations Matter for Economic”, İçinde Economics and Social Interaction Accounting for Interpersonal Relations, (Eds. B. Gui and R. Sugden), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1-22.
  • Gummerum, M. , Yaniv, H. , Monika, K., Katie, P., Alegra, H. (2010). “Preschoolers’ Allocations in the Dictator Game: The Role of Moral Emotions,. Journal of Economic Psychology, 31(1): 25-34.
  • Harbough, W. (2015). “Why People Give To Charity”, İçinde Caring Economics: Conservations on Altruism and Compassion between Scientist, Economists, and the Dalai Lama, (Ed. T. Singer ve M. Richard), NY: Picador, 97-115.
  • Hayek, F. (2004). Kölelik Yolu, (Çev. Turhan Feyzioğlu veYıldıray Aslan), Ankara: Liberte Yayınları.
  • Henrich, J., Boyd, R., Bowles, S., Camerer, C., Fehr, E., Gintis, H., McElreath, R., Alvard, M., Barr, A., Ensminger, J., Henrich, N. S., Hill, K., Gil-White, F., Gurven, M., Marlowe, F. W., Patton, J. Q., & Tracer, D. (2005). “Economic Man in Cross-Cultural Perspective: Behavioral Experiments in 15 Small-scale Societies”, Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 28(6): 795–855.
  • Huang, H. ve Humphreys, B. R. (2012). “Sports Participation and Happiness: Evidence from US Microdata”, Journal of Economic Psychology, 33(4): 776–793. Layard, R. (2015). “The Economics of Happiness”. İçinde Caring Economics: Conservations on Altruism and Compassion between Scientist, Economists, and the Dalai Lama, (Ed. T. Singer ve M. Richard), NY: Picador, 97-115.
  • Lotito, G., Migheli, M. ve Ortona, G. (2015). “An Experimental Inquiry into the Nature of Relational Goods, and Their Impact on Co-operation”, Group Decision and Negotiation, 24(4): 699-722.
  • Meier, S. ve Stutzer, A. (2008). “Is Volunteering Rewarding in Itself?”, Economica, 75(297): 39-59.Nozick, R. (2006). Anarşi, Devlet ve Ütopya, (Çev. Alişan Oktay), 2. Baskı, İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Ohtsubo, Y., Masuda, F., Watanabe, E., Masuchi, A. (2010). “Dishonesty Invites Costly Third Party Punishment”, Evolution and Behavior, 31(4): 259-264.
  • Piff, P. K., Kraus, M. W., Kote, S., Cheng, H. ve Keltner, D. (2010). “Having less, Giving More: The Influence of Social Class on Prosocial Behavior”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 99(5): 771-784.Prandini, R. (2014). “Family Relations as Social Capital, Journal of Comparative Family Studies, XLV(2): 221-234.
  • Rasciute, S., Downward, P. and Greene W. H. (2017). “Do Relational Goods Raise Well-Being? An Econometric Analysis”, Eastern Economic Journal, 43(4): 563-579.
  • Richard, M. (2015). “A Buddhist Perspective for Survival: Altruism”, İçinde Caring Economics: Conservations on Altruism and Compassion between Scientist, Economists, and the Dalai Lama, (Ed. T. Singer ve M. Richard), NY: Picador, 45-57
  • Schütz, E., Sailer, U., Nima, A. A., Rosenberg, P., Arnten, A. A., Archer, T., D. Garcia, D. (2013). “The Affective Profiles in the USA: Happiness, Depression, Life Satisfaction and Happiness Increasing Strategies”, Peer J, 1-19.
  • Singer, T. (2015). “Empathy and the Interoceptive Cortex”, İçinde Caring Economics: Conservations on Altruism and Compassion between Scientist, Economists, and the Dalai Lama, (Ed. T. Singer ve M. Richard), NY: Picador, 27-45.
  • Singer, T. ve Klimecki, O. M. (2014). “Empathy and Compassion”, Current Biology, 24(18): 875-878.Smith, A. (2004). The Theory of Moral Sentiments. (Ed. K. Haakonssen), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Smith, A. (2006). Milletlerin Zenginliği, (Çev. H. Derin), İstanbul:Türkiye İş Bankası Yayınları.Uhlaner, C. J. (1989)."Relational Goods" and Participation: Incorporating Sociability into a Theory of Rational Action”, Public Choice, 62(3): 253-285.
  • Uhlaner, C. J. (2014). “Relational Goods and Resolving the Paradox of Political Participation”, Recerca, Revista De Pensament I Analisi, 14(2014): 47-72.
Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Mehmet Kocaoğlu 0000-0002-1104-4223

Yayımlanma Tarihi 20 Mart 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 25 Mart 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019

Kaynak Göster

APA Kocaoğlu, M. (2019). Serbest Piyasa, Birey ve Sosyal İlişkiler. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 21(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.32709/akusosbil.409318