Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Transformation Fights in the Financial Markets: Digital Banking vs Traditional Banking

Yıl 2021, , 1419 - 1440, 29.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.32709/akusosbil.888155

Öz

The process of change in the World and technological progress bring their twinge to the financial markets. Moving out of the traditional is sometimes perceived as competition and sometimes as excitement. Learned patterns of doing business in the Turkish banking sector is being questioned. Is digital banking a rival to traditional branch banking? Is it a technological development supporting traditional banking? If they are different sides of a coin, wouldn’t the way of doing business in traditional banking leave its place to FinTech companies while diminishing and abolishing in the history? If so, wouldn’t the graduates of over the 55 faculty and schools of applied sciences giving education in their finance and banking departments be a zero economic value added workforce to the economy? This study tries to answer the questions presented here while revealing the relationship between traditional branch banking and digital banking. In this context, digital banking development data gathered from the Banks Association of Turkey and the bank branches data acquired from the Banking Regulation and Supervision Agency of Turkey were subject to econometric analyses. Phillips Perron, Johansen cointegration, Granger causality tests were used to identify whether the digital banking and traditional banking are completely different independent progress areas or an evolution progress of intertwined ties.

Kaynakça

  • Apostolik, R., Donohue, C., & Went, P. (2009). Foundations of Banking Risk: An Overview of Banking, Banking Risks, and Risk-Based Banking Regulation.
  • Apostolik, Richard, & Donohue, C. (2015). Foundations of financial risk: An overview of financial risk and risk-based financial regulation. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • Arslan, G., & Yavuzaslan, K. (2019). Bankacilik Sektöründe Inovasyonun Yeri Ve Önemi: Türkiye Örneği. Business & Management Studies: An International Journal, 7(2), 946–968. https://doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v7i2.1131
  • BDDK. (2021). Aylık Bülten. Retrieved February 6, 2021, from https://www.bddk.org.tr/BultenAylik
  • Brooks, C. (2014). Introductory Econometrics for Finance. (C. Brooks, Ed.) (3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press, New York: Cambridge University Press. Retrieved from https://www.cambridge.org/bs/academic/textbooks/introductory-econometrics
  • Carbó-Valverde, S., Cuadros-Solas, P. J., & Rodríguez-Fernández, F. (2020). The Effect of Banks’ IT Investments on the Digitalization of their Customers. Global Policy, 11(S1), 9–17. https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.12749
  • Chiorazzo, V., D’Apice, V., DeYoung, R., & Morelli, P. (2018). Is the traditional banking model a survivor? Journal of Banking & Finance, 97, 238–256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2018.10.008
  • Descartes, R. (2010). Felsefenin İlkeleri (12th ed.). İstanbul: Say Yayınları.
  • Dickey, D. A., & Fuller, W. A. (1981). Likelihood Ratio Statistics for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root. Econometrica, 49(4), 1057. https://doi.org/10.2307/1912517
  • Drasch, B. J., Schweizer, A., & Urbach, N. (2018). Integrating the ‘Troublemakers’: A taxonomy for cooperation between banks and fintechs. Journal of Economics and Business, 100, 26–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconbus.2018.04.002
  • Engle, R. F., & Granger, C. W. J. (1987). Co-Integration and Error Correction: Representation, Estimation, and Testing. Econometrica, 55(2), 251. https://doi.org/10.2307/1913236
  • Galazova, S. S., & Magomaeva, L. R. (2019). The Transformation of Traditional Banking Activity in Digital. International Journal of Economics and Business Administration, VII(Special Issue 2), 41–51. https://doi.org/10.35808/ijeba/369
  • Hill, R. C., E. Griffiths, W., & Lim, G. C. (2018). Principles of Econometrics (5th ed.). Wiley. Retrieved from https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Principles+of+Econometrics%2C+5th+Edition-p-9781119320944
  • Holmlund, M., Strandvik, T., & Lähteenmäki, I. (2017). Digitalization challenging institutional logics: Top executive sensemaking of service business change. Journal of Service Theory and Practice, 27(1), 219–236. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSTP-12-2015-0256
  • Hubrich, K., Lütkepohl, H., & Saikkonen, P. (2001). A review of systems cointegration tests. Econometric Reviews, 20(3), 247–318. https://doi.org/10.1081/ETC-100104936
  • Johansen, S. (1995). Likelihood-based inference in cointegrated vector autoregressive models. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Jun, M., & Cai, S. (2001). The key determinants of Internet banking service quality: a content analysis. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 19(7), 276–291. https://doi.org/10.1108/02652320110409825
  • Kesharwani, A., & Singh Bisht, S. (2012). The impact of trust and perceived risk on internet banking adoption in India. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 30(4), 303–322. https://doi.org/10.1108/02652321211236923
  • Keskin, S. (2019). Banka Müşterilerinin İnternet Bankacılığı Kullanmama Nedenlerinın Analizi. Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 9(1), 99–110. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/kusbd/issue/42808/453884
  • Kılıç Depren, S., & Kartal, M. T. (2017). Bankacılıkta Şubeleşme Eğilimini Etkileyen Makroekonomik Faktörlerin Belirlenmes. Journal of Turkish Studies, 12(Volume 12 Issue 24), 97–120. https://doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.12373
  • Laforet, S., & Li, X. (2005). Consumers’ attitudes towards online and mobile banking in China. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 23(5), 362–380. https://doi.org/10.1108/02652320510629250
  • Larsson, A., & Viitaoja, Y. (2017). Building customer loyalty in digital banking. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 35(6), 858–877. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-08-2016-0112
  • Lütkepohl, H. (2005). New Introduction to Multiple Time Series Analysis. New Introduction to Multiple Time Series Analysis. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-27752-8
  • MacKinnon, J. G., Haug, A. A., & Michelis, L. (1999). Numerical Distribution Functions of Likelihood Ratio Tests for Cointegration. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 14(5), 563–577. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1255(199909/10)14:5<563::AID-JAE530>3.0.CO;2-R
  • Makarchenko, M., Nerkararian, S., & Shmeleva, I. A. (2016). How Traditional Banks Should Work in Smart City. In Communications in Computer and Information Science (pp. 123–134). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49700-6_13
  • Mbama, C. I., & Ezepue, P. O. (2018). Digital banking, customer experience and bank financial performance. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 36(2), 230–255. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-11-2016-0181
  • Mishkin, F. S., & Eakins, S. G. (2012). Financial Markets & Institutions (7th ed., Vol. 28). Prentice Hall.
  • Ng, S., & Perron, P. (2005). A Note on the Selection of Time Series Models. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 67(1), 115–134. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.2005.00113.x
  • Niemand, T., Rigtering, J. P. C., Kallmünzer, A., Kraus, S., & Maalaoui, A. (2020). Digitalization in the financial industry: A contingency approach of entrepreneurial orientation and strategic vision on digitalization. European Management Journal. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2020.04.008
  • Okumuş, A., Bozbay, Z., & Dağlı, R. M. (2010). Banka Müşterilerinin İnternet Bankacılığına İlişkin Tutumlarının İncelenmesi. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, (36), 89–111. Retrieved from https://app.trdizin.gov.tr/makale/TVRReU16VXdNQT09/banka-musterilerinin-internet-bankaciligina-iliskin-tutumlarinin-incelenmesi
  • Paçan Özcan, H., Sabah Çelik, Ş., & Özer, A. (2019). Bireysel Müşterilerin Mobil Bankacılık Kullanım Niyetini Etkileyen Faktörler. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 9(2), 475–506.
  • Pala, E., & Kartal, B. (2010). Banka Müşterilerinin İnternet Bankacılığı ile İlgili Tutumlarına Yönelik Bir Pilot Araştırma. Yönetim ve Ekonomi: Celal Bayar Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 17(2), 43–61. Retrieved from https://app.trdizin.gov.tr/makale/TVRFek9ESTJOZz09/banka-musterilerinin-internet-bankaciligi-ile-ilgili-tutumlarina-yonelik-bir-pilot-arastirma
  • Phillips, P. C. B., & Perron, P. (1988). Testing for a unit root in time series regression. Biometrika, 75(2), 335–346. https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/75.2.335
  • Souiden, N., Ladhari, R., & Chaouali, W. (2020). Mobile banking adoption: a systematic review. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 39(2), 214–241. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-04-2020-0182
  • Takan, M., & Boyacıoğlu, M. A. (2011). Bankacılık Teori Uygulama ve Yöntem (4.Basım). Nobel Yayınevi.
  • Tarı, R. (2010). Ekonometri (6th ed.). 2010: UmutTepe. Retrieved from https://www.dr.com.tr/Kitap/Ekonometri/Ders-Sinav-Kitaplari/Universite-Ders-Kitaplari/Iktisatekonomi/urunno=0000000332501
  • TBB. (2021). TBB Veri Sistemi. Retrieved February 6, 2021, from https://verisistemi.tbb.org.tr/
  • Toda, H. Y., & Yamamoto, T. (1995). Statistical inference in vector autoregressions with possibly integrated processes. Journal of Econometrics, 66(1–2), 225–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4076(94)01616-8
  • Tsay, R. S. (2013). Multivariate Time Series Analysis: With R and Financial Applications | Wiley. Wiley. Retrieved from https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Multivariate+Time+Series+Analysis%3A+With+R+and+Financial+Applications-p-9781118617908
  • Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Cumhurbaşkanlığı. Cumhurbaşkanlığı Teşkilatı Hakkında Cumhurbaşkanlığı Kararnamesi (2018). 30474 sayılı 10/07/2018 tarihli Resmi Gazete.
  • Uğur, N. G., & Turan, A. H. (2016). Mobil Uygulama Kabul Modeli: Bir Ölçek Geliştirme Çalışması. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 34(4), 97–126. https://doi.org/10.17065/huniibf.310526
  • Uygurtürk, H. (2015). Bankaların Internet Şubelerinin Bulanık MOORA Yöntemi ile Değerlendirilmesi. Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 11(25), 115–128. Retrieved from https://app.trdizin.gov.tr/makale/TVRjNE5USXlNZz09/bankalarin-internet-subelerinin-bulanik-moora-yontemi-ile-degerlendirilmesi
  • Venkatesh, V., Morris, M. G., Davis, G. B., & Davis, F. D. (2003). User acceptance of information technology: Toward a unified view. MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems, 27(3), 425–478. https://doi.org/10.2307/30036540
  • Wooldridge, J. M. (2018). Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach (7th ed.). Cengage.
  • Zeybek, H. (2018). Dijital Bankacılık. Mali Çözüm, 28(150), 79–107. Retrieved from https://app.trdizin.gov.tr/makale/TXpBeE1qTTBOQT09/dijital-bankacilik

Finans Piyasasında Dönüşümün Kavgaları: Dijital Bankacılık Geleneksel Bankacılığa Karşı

Yıl 2021, , 1419 - 1440, 29.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.32709/akusosbil.888155

Öz

Teknolojik ilerleme ve dünyadaki değişim süreci, sancılarını finansal piyasalara da beraberinde getirmektedir. Uzun yıllardır süren alışkanlıklar ve geleneksel iş yapma biçimleri, çağa uyum çabası çerçevesinde yerini yeni gelişmelere bırakmak zorunda kalmaktadır. Alışılmış olanın (“gelenekselin”) dışına çıkmak kimi zaman rekabet, kimi zaman heyecan olarak algılanmaktadır. Bu çalışma Türk bankacılık sisteminde iş yapma biçimlerinde son 15 yıldaki gelişmeleri öğrenilmiş kalıpları sorgulayarak ele almaktadır. Dijital bankacılık, geleneksel şube bankacılığına rakip ve geleneksel bankacılığın alternatifi midir, yoksa geleneksel bankacılığı destekleyen bir teknolojik gelişme midir? Geleneksel bankacılık ve dijital bankacılık madalyonun tamamen farklı iki yüzüyse dönüşüm sürecinde geleneksel bankacılık iş yapma biçimleri kaybolup yerini FinTek firmalarına bırakmaz mı? Elli beşin üzerinde dört yıllık eğitim veren finans ve bankacılık bölümü, ekonomik katma değeri olmayan iş gücünü piyasaya arz etmez mi? Burada sunulan temel sorulara cevap aramak ve dijital bankacılık ile geleneksel şube bankacılığı ilişkisini açığa çıkarmak amacıyla bu çalışma dizayn edilmiştir. Bu kapsamda Türkiye Bankalar Birliği ve Bankacılık Düzenleme ve Denetleme Kurumundan edinilen geleneksel şube verileriyle, dijital bankacılık gelişmeleri ekonometrik analize tabi tutularak değerlendirilmiştir. Phillips Perron durağanlık testi, Johansen Eş-bütünleşme testi ve Granger nedensellik testi ile dijital bankacılık ve geleneksel bankacılığın tamamen bağımsız iki ayrı gelişme alanı mı, birbiriyle iç içe geçmiş bağları bulunan bir evrim süreci mi olduğu sorgulanmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Apostolik, R., Donohue, C., & Went, P. (2009). Foundations of Banking Risk: An Overview of Banking, Banking Risks, and Risk-Based Banking Regulation.
  • Apostolik, Richard, & Donohue, C. (2015). Foundations of financial risk: An overview of financial risk and risk-based financial regulation. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • Arslan, G., & Yavuzaslan, K. (2019). Bankacilik Sektöründe Inovasyonun Yeri Ve Önemi: Türkiye Örneği. Business & Management Studies: An International Journal, 7(2), 946–968. https://doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v7i2.1131
  • BDDK. (2021). Aylık Bülten. Retrieved February 6, 2021, from https://www.bddk.org.tr/BultenAylik
  • Brooks, C. (2014). Introductory Econometrics for Finance. (C. Brooks, Ed.) (3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press, New York: Cambridge University Press. Retrieved from https://www.cambridge.org/bs/academic/textbooks/introductory-econometrics
  • Carbó-Valverde, S., Cuadros-Solas, P. J., & Rodríguez-Fernández, F. (2020). The Effect of Banks’ IT Investments on the Digitalization of their Customers. Global Policy, 11(S1), 9–17. https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.12749
  • Chiorazzo, V., D’Apice, V., DeYoung, R., & Morelli, P. (2018). Is the traditional banking model a survivor? Journal of Banking & Finance, 97, 238–256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2018.10.008
  • Descartes, R. (2010). Felsefenin İlkeleri (12th ed.). İstanbul: Say Yayınları.
  • Dickey, D. A., & Fuller, W. A. (1981). Likelihood Ratio Statistics for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root. Econometrica, 49(4), 1057. https://doi.org/10.2307/1912517
  • Drasch, B. J., Schweizer, A., & Urbach, N. (2018). Integrating the ‘Troublemakers’: A taxonomy for cooperation between banks and fintechs. Journal of Economics and Business, 100, 26–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconbus.2018.04.002
  • Engle, R. F., & Granger, C. W. J. (1987). Co-Integration and Error Correction: Representation, Estimation, and Testing. Econometrica, 55(2), 251. https://doi.org/10.2307/1913236
  • Galazova, S. S., & Magomaeva, L. R. (2019). The Transformation of Traditional Banking Activity in Digital. International Journal of Economics and Business Administration, VII(Special Issue 2), 41–51. https://doi.org/10.35808/ijeba/369
  • Hill, R. C., E. Griffiths, W., & Lim, G. C. (2018). Principles of Econometrics (5th ed.). Wiley. Retrieved from https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Principles+of+Econometrics%2C+5th+Edition-p-9781119320944
  • Holmlund, M., Strandvik, T., & Lähteenmäki, I. (2017). Digitalization challenging institutional logics: Top executive sensemaking of service business change. Journal of Service Theory and Practice, 27(1), 219–236. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSTP-12-2015-0256
  • Hubrich, K., Lütkepohl, H., & Saikkonen, P. (2001). A review of systems cointegration tests. Econometric Reviews, 20(3), 247–318. https://doi.org/10.1081/ETC-100104936
  • Johansen, S. (1995). Likelihood-based inference in cointegrated vector autoregressive models. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Jun, M., & Cai, S. (2001). The key determinants of Internet banking service quality: a content analysis. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 19(7), 276–291. https://doi.org/10.1108/02652320110409825
  • Kesharwani, A., & Singh Bisht, S. (2012). The impact of trust and perceived risk on internet banking adoption in India. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 30(4), 303–322. https://doi.org/10.1108/02652321211236923
  • Keskin, S. (2019). Banka Müşterilerinin İnternet Bankacılığı Kullanmama Nedenlerinın Analizi. Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 9(1), 99–110. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/kusbd/issue/42808/453884
  • Kılıç Depren, S., & Kartal, M. T. (2017). Bankacılıkta Şubeleşme Eğilimini Etkileyen Makroekonomik Faktörlerin Belirlenmes. Journal of Turkish Studies, 12(Volume 12 Issue 24), 97–120. https://doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.12373
  • Laforet, S., & Li, X. (2005). Consumers’ attitudes towards online and mobile banking in China. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 23(5), 362–380. https://doi.org/10.1108/02652320510629250
  • Larsson, A., & Viitaoja, Y. (2017). Building customer loyalty in digital banking. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 35(6), 858–877. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-08-2016-0112
  • Lütkepohl, H. (2005). New Introduction to Multiple Time Series Analysis. New Introduction to Multiple Time Series Analysis. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-27752-8
  • MacKinnon, J. G., Haug, A. A., & Michelis, L. (1999). Numerical Distribution Functions of Likelihood Ratio Tests for Cointegration. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 14(5), 563–577. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1255(199909/10)14:5<563::AID-JAE530>3.0.CO;2-R
  • Makarchenko, M., Nerkararian, S., & Shmeleva, I. A. (2016). How Traditional Banks Should Work in Smart City. In Communications in Computer and Information Science (pp. 123–134). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49700-6_13
  • Mbama, C. I., & Ezepue, P. O. (2018). Digital banking, customer experience and bank financial performance. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 36(2), 230–255. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-11-2016-0181
  • Mishkin, F. S., & Eakins, S. G. (2012). Financial Markets & Institutions (7th ed., Vol. 28). Prentice Hall.
  • Ng, S., & Perron, P. (2005). A Note on the Selection of Time Series Models. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 67(1), 115–134. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.2005.00113.x
  • Niemand, T., Rigtering, J. P. C., Kallmünzer, A., Kraus, S., & Maalaoui, A. (2020). Digitalization in the financial industry: A contingency approach of entrepreneurial orientation and strategic vision on digitalization. European Management Journal. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2020.04.008
  • Okumuş, A., Bozbay, Z., & Dağlı, R. M. (2010). Banka Müşterilerinin İnternet Bankacılığına İlişkin Tutumlarının İncelenmesi. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, (36), 89–111. Retrieved from https://app.trdizin.gov.tr/makale/TVRReU16VXdNQT09/banka-musterilerinin-internet-bankaciligina-iliskin-tutumlarinin-incelenmesi
  • Paçan Özcan, H., Sabah Çelik, Ş., & Özer, A. (2019). Bireysel Müşterilerin Mobil Bankacılık Kullanım Niyetini Etkileyen Faktörler. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 9(2), 475–506.
  • Pala, E., & Kartal, B. (2010). Banka Müşterilerinin İnternet Bankacılığı ile İlgili Tutumlarına Yönelik Bir Pilot Araştırma. Yönetim ve Ekonomi: Celal Bayar Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 17(2), 43–61. Retrieved from https://app.trdizin.gov.tr/makale/TVRFek9ESTJOZz09/banka-musterilerinin-internet-bankaciligi-ile-ilgili-tutumlarina-yonelik-bir-pilot-arastirma
  • Phillips, P. C. B., & Perron, P. (1988). Testing for a unit root in time series regression. Biometrika, 75(2), 335–346. https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/75.2.335
  • Souiden, N., Ladhari, R., & Chaouali, W. (2020). Mobile banking adoption: a systematic review. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 39(2), 214–241. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-04-2020-0182
  • Takan, M., & Boyacıoğlu, M. A. (2011). Bankacılık Teori Uygulama ve Yöntem (4.Basım). Nobel Yayınevi.
  • Tarı, R. (2010). Ekonometri (6th ed.). 2010: UmutTepe. Retrieved from https://www.dr.com.tr/Kitap/Ekonometri/Ders-Sinav-Kitaplari/Universite-Ders-Kitaplari/Iktisatekonomi/urunno=0000000332501
  • TBB. (2021). TBB Veri Sistemi. Retrieved February 6, 2021, from https://verisistemi.tbb.org.tr/
  • Toda, H. Y., & Yamamoto, T. (1995). Statistical inference in vector autoregressions with possibly integrated processes. Journal of Econometrics, 66(1–2), 225–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4076(94)01616-8
  • Tsay, R. S. (2013). Multivariate Time Series Analysis: With R and Financial Applications | Wiley. Wiley. Retrieved from https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Multivariate+Time+Series+Analysis%3A+With+R+and+Financial+Applications-p-9781118617908
  • Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Cumhurbaşkanlığı. Cumhurbaşkanlığı Teşkilatı Hakkında Cumhurbaşkanlığı Kararnamesi (2018). 30474 sayılı 10/07/2018 tarihli Resmi Gazete.
  • Uğur, N. G., & Turan, A. H. (2016). Mobil Uygulama Kabul Modeli: Bir Ölçek Geliştirme Çalışması. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 34(4), 97–126. https://doi.org/10.17065/huniibf.310526
  • Uygurtürk, H. (2015). Bankaların Internet Şubelerinin Bulanık MOORA Yöntemi ile Değerlendirilmesi. Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 11(25), 115–128. Retrieved from https://app.trdizin.gov.tr/makale/TVRjNE5USXlNZz09/bankalarin-internet-subelerinin-bulanik-moora-yontemi-ile-degerlendirilmesi
  • Venkatesh, V., Morris, M. G., Davis, G. B., & Davis, F. D. (2003). User acceptance of information technology: Toward a unified view. MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems, 27(3), 425–478. https://doi.org/10.2307/30036540
  • Wooldridge, J. M. (2018). Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach (7th ed.). Cengage.
  • Zeybek, H. (2018). Dijital Bankacılık. Mali Çözüm, 28(150), 79–107. Retrieved from https://app.trdizin.gov.tr/makale/TXpBeE1qTTBOQT09/dijital-bankacilik
Toplam 45 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Hukuk
Yazarlar

Gizay Daver 0000-0001-5427-0741

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Aralık 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 28 Şubat 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021

Kaynak Göster

APA Daver, G. (2021). Finans Piyasasında Dönüşümün Kavgaları: Dijital Bankacılık Geleneksel Bankacılığa Karşı. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 23(4), 1419-1440. https://doi.org/10.32709/akusosbil.888155