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Rebellions as a Result of the Neo-Assyrian Imperialism

Yıl 2018, , 179 - 200, 28.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.1501/Archv_0000000157

Öz

    Phase of the Neo-Assyrian Empire, includes a period in which the Assyrian imperialism reached its peak and the Assyrian kings considered all kinds of practices legitimate for the prosperity and peace of their people. Necessity to control of the vast lands of the Assyrian Empire caused the emergence of various rebellions within the imperial borders. These rebellions were organized in general by kingdoms in vassal status. The Assyrian kings saw the occupation as a right in the face of these rebellions and transformed the rebellious regions into the central provinces by eliminating vassal status. When the rebellions were evaluated in terms of rebels, it was seen as an act against the Assyrian sovereignty. The lack of written material of the Vassals limits the information on the details of the rebellions and causes limitations in explaining the subject. In this study, how the rebellions which emerged as a resistance against the Assyrian imperialism are reflected in the royal inscriptions, will be evaluated. 




Kaynakça

  • Albenda, Pauline. The Palace of Sargon, King of Assyria. Monumental Wall Reliefs at Dur Sharrukin, from original Drawings made at the Time of their Discovery in 1843- 1844 by Botta and Flandin. (Editions Recherche sur les Civilisations, “synthese” no 22), Paris: 1986.
  • Andreas Fuchs, A. and Simo Parpola, The Correspondence of Sargon II, Part III: Letters from Babylonia and the Eastern Provinces. SAA 15, Helsinki: 2001. https://dergipark.org.tr/journal/2467/article Ayverdi, İlhan. “İsyan”. Misalli Türkçe Sözlük, Ankara: 2006.
  • Barnett, Richard David, Erika Bleibtreu, and Geoffrey Turner. Sculptures from the Southwest Palace of Sennacherib at Nineveh. London: 1998.
  • Berlejung, Angelika. “The Assyrians in the West: Assyrianization, Colonialism, Indifference, or Development Policy?”. Congress Volume Helsinki 2010, ed. Martti Nissinen, (Leiden • Boston: 2012): 21-60.
  • Bordreuil, Pierre, Françoise Briquel-Chatonnet ve Cecele Michel. Tarihin Başlangıçları Eski Yakındoğu Kültür ve Uygarlıkları. çev. L. Başaran, İstanbul: 2015, 252.
  • De Backer, Fabrice. “Cruelty and Military Reinements”. Res Antiquae 6/1, (2009): 3-50
  • Dietrich, Manfried. The Babylonian Correspondence of Sargon and Sennacherib. SAA 17, Helsinki: 2003.
  • Frahm, Eckart. “Revolts in the Neo-Assyrian Period: A Preliminary ‘Discourse Analysis’”. Revolt and Resistance in the Ancient Classical World and the Near East. ed. J. Collins and J. Manning, (2016): 76-89.
  • Gadd, Cyril John. “Inscribed Prisms of Sargon II from Nimrud”. Iraq 16, (1954): 173-201.
  • Gallagher, William R. “Assyrian Deportation Propaganda”. State Archives of Assyria Bulletin VIII/2, (1994): 57-65
  • Gökçek, Lütfi Gürkan. Asurlular, Ankara: Bilgin Kültür Sanat Yayınları, 2015.
  • Grayson, Albert Kirk and Jamie Novotny. The Royal Inscriptions of Sennacherib, King of Assyria (704-681 BC). Part 1. The Royal Inscriptions of the Neo-Assyrian Period 3/1, Winona Lake: 2012.
  • Grayson, Albert Kirk and Jamie Novotny. The Royal Inscriptions of Sennacherib, King of Assyria (704-681 BC). Part 2 The Royal Inscriptions of the Neo-Assyrian Period 3/2. Winona Lake: 2014.
  • Grayson, Albert Kirk. Assyrian Rulers of the Early First Millennium B.C. I (1114—859 BC). The Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia, Assyrian Periods, 2, Toronto: 1991.
  • Grayson, Albert Kirk. Assyrian Rulers of the Early First Millennium BC. II (858—745 B.C. The Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia, Assyrian Periods, 3, Toronto: 1996.
  • Hawkins, John David. “The Neo-Hittite States in Syria and Anatolia”. CAH III/1, eds. John Boardman, I. E. S. Edwards, N. G. L. Hammond, E. Sollberger (United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 2008): 372- 441.
  • Hunger, Hermann. Astrological Reports to Assyrian King. SAA 8, Helsinki: 1992.
  • Karaman, Hüseyin. “Nurettin Topçu’nun Felsefesinde ‘İsyan Ahlakı’”, Muhafazakâr Düşünce, (2009): 79-90.
  • Kurt, Mehmet. “M.Ö. I. Bin yıl Asur-Anadolu İlişkilerinde Kilikya Bölgesi”. Belleten Cilt LXX Sayı 257, (2006): 1-23.
  • Kurt, Mehmet. “Sanherib Dönemi Kilikya İsyanları”. Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi 28/46, (2009): 189-203.
  • Kutsal Kitap (Tevrat, Zebur, İncil). İstanbul: Yeni Yaşam Yayınları, 2015.
  • Kwasman, Theodore. Legal Transactions of the Royal Court of Nineveh, Part I: Dated and Datable Texts. SAA 6, Helsinki: 1991.
  • Lanfranchi, Goivanni B. and Simo Parpola. The Correspondence of Sargon II, Part II: Letters from the Northern and Northeastern Provinces. SAA 5, Helsinki: 1990.
  • Leichty, Erle. The Royal Inscriptions of Asarhaddon, King of Assyria (680-669 BC). The Royal Inscriptions of the Neo-Assyrian Period, Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns. 2011.
  • Liverani, Mario. “The Ideology of the Assyrian Empire”. Power and Propaganda, Ed. M.T. Larsen, Mesopotamica, Copenhagen Studies in Assyriology, 7, (Copenhagen: 1979), 297–317. 309-312
  • Luckenbill, Daniel David, Ancient Records of Assyria and Babylonia Volume 2: Historical Records of Assyria From Sargon to the End. NewYork: 1927.
  • Luukko, Mikko and Greta van Buylaere. The Political Correspondence of Asarhaddon. SAA 16, Helsinki: 2002.
  • Luukko, Mikko. The Correspondence of Tiglath-pileser III and Sargon II from Nimrud. SAA 19, Helsinki: 2012.
  • Mattila, Raija. Legal Transactions of the Royal Court of Nineveh, Part II: Asur-banipal through Sîn-šarru-iškun. SAA 14, Helsinki: 2002.
  • Melville, Sarah C. “Insurgency and Counterinsurgency in the Assyrian Empire during the Late Eighth Century BCE”. Brill's Companion to Insurgency and Terrorism in the Ancient Mediterranean, eds, Timothy Howe – Lee L. Brice, (Leiden/Boston: 2016): 62-92.
  • Oded, Bustenay. Mass Deportations and Deportees in the Neo-Assyrian Empire. Wiesbaden: 1979.
  • Oded, Bustenay. War, Peace and Empire: Justification for War in Assyrian Royal Inscriptions. Wiesbaden: 1992.
  • Parker, Bradley J. The Mechanics of Empire: The Northern Frontier of Assyria as a Case Study in Imperial Dynamics. Helsinki: The Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project, 2001.
  • Parpola Simo and Kazuko Watanabe, Neo-Assyrian Treaties and Loyalty Oaths. SAA 2, Helsinki: 1988.
  • Parpola, Simo. “Assyria's Expansion in the Eighth and Seventh Centuries BCE and Its LongTerm Repercussions in the West”. Symbiosis, Symbolism, and the Power of the Past: Canaan, Ancient Israel and their Neighbors from the Late Bronze Age through Roman Palaestina. ed. W. G. Dever and S. Gitin, (Winona Lake, Indiana: 2003): 99-111.
  • Parpola, Simo. Letters from Assyrian and Babylonian Scholars. SAA 10, Helsinki: 1993.
  • Parpola, Simo. The Correspondence of Sargon II, Part I: Letters from Assyria and the West, SAA 1, Helsinki: 1987.
  • Pekşen, Okay. “Asur Devlet Emperyalizminin Meşrulaştırılması Açısından Tanrı Aššur’a İsyan Olgusu”. Prof. Dr. Recep Yıldırım'a Armağan, Bilgin Kültür Sanat Yayınları. (2017) 355-370.
  • PNA: Prosopography of the Neo-Assyria
  • Radner, Karen “Revolts İn The Assyrian Empire: Succession Wars, Rebellions Against A False King And İndependence Movements”. Revolt and Resistance in the Ancient Classical World and the Near East: In the Crucible of Empire, eds. J. J. Collins & J. G. Manning, (Leiden: 2016), 41-54.
  • Radner, Karen. “High Visibility Punishment And Deterrent: Impalement İn Assyrian Warfare And Legal Practice”, Zeitschrift Für Altorientalische Und Biblische Rechtsgeschichte 21. (2015): 103-128.
  • Radner, Karen. “Hired Labour in the Neo-Assyrian Empire”. State Archives of Assyria Bulletin 6, (2007): 185-226.
  • Reynolds. Frances. The Babylonian Correspondence of Asarhaddon and Letters to Asurbanipal and Sîn-šarru-iškun from Northern and Central Babylonia. SAA 18, Helsinki: 2003.
  • Saggs, Henry William Frederick. The Nimrud Letters 1952. Cuneiform Texts from Nimrud 5 (CTN 5), London: 2001.
  • Starr, Ivan. Queries to the Sungod: Divination and Politics in Sargonid Assyria, SAA 4, Helsinki: 1990.
  • Tadmor, Hayim and Shigeo Yamada. The Royal Inscriptions of Tiglath-pileser III (744–727 BC) and Shalmaneser V (726–722 BC), Kings of Assyria. The Royal Inscriptions of the Neo-Assyrian Period 1, Winona Lake: 2011.
  • Türkçe Sözlük, “İsyan etmek”. Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, 2005.
  • Welch, Claude E. Anatomy of Rebellion. Albany: State Universty Press of New York, 1980.
  • ARAB: D. D. Luckenbill, Ancient Records of Assyria and Babylonia.
  • CAD: The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.
  • CDA: A Concise Dictionary of Akkadian.
  • CTN: Cuneiform Texts from Nimrod.
  • SAA: State Archives of Assyria.
  • PNA: Prosopography of the Neo-Assyria.
  • RIMA: Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia Assyrian Period.
  • RINAP: Royal Inscription of the Neo-Assyrian Period.

Yeni Asur Emperyalizminin Bir Sonucu Olarak İsyanlar

Yıl 2018, , 179 - 200, 28.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.1501/Archv_0000000157

Öz



    Yeni Asur
İmparatorluk evresi, Asur emperyalizminin zirveye ulaştığı ve Asur krallarının
halkının refah ve huzuru için her türlü uygulamayı kendilerine meşru gördükleri
bir dönemi kapsamaktadır. Asur İmparatorluğunun yayıldığı geniş coğrafyanın
kontrol altında tutulması zarureti imparatorluk sınırları içeresinde çeşitli
isyanların ortaya çıkmasına yol açmıştır. Bu isyanlar genel olarak vassal
(bağımlı) statüdeki krallıklar tarafından başlatılmıştır. Asur kralları bu
isyanlar karşısında işgali kendilerine bir hak olarak görmüşler ve vassallık
statüsünü ortadan kaldırarak isyan eden bölgeleri merkeze bağlı eyaletlere
dönüştürmüşlerdir. İsyanlar asiler açısından değerlendirildiğinde, Asur
egemenliğine karşı gelme eylemi olarak görülmektedir. Vassallara ait yazılı
materyalin eksikliği, isyanların ayrıntıları konusunda bilgileri sınırlamakta
ve konuya açıklama getirmede sınırlılıklara neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada
Asur emperyalizmine karşı bir direnç olarak çıkan isyanların kraliyet
yazıtlarına nasıl yansıdığı değerlendirilecektir. 




Kaynakça

  • Albenda, Pauline. The Palace of Sargon, King of Assyria. Monumental Wall Reliefs at Dur Sharrukin, from original Drawings made at the Time of their Discovery in 1843- 1844 by Botta and Flandin. (Editions Recherche sur les Civilisations, “synthese” no 22), Paris: 1986.
  • Andreas Fuchs, A. and Simo Parpola, The Correspondence of Sargon II, Part III: Letters from Babylonia and the Eastern Provinces. SAA 15, Helsinki: 2001. https://dergipark.org.tr/journal/2467/article Ayverdi, İlhan. “İsyan”. Misalli Türkçe Sözlük, Ankara: 2006.
  • Barnett, Richard David, Erika Bleibtreu, and Geoffrey Turner. Sculptures from the Southwest Palace of Sennacherib at Nineveh. London: 1998.
  • Berlejung, Angelika. “The Assyrians in the West: Assyrianization, Colonialism, Indifference, or Development Policy?”. Congress Volume Helsinki 2010, ed. Martti Nissinen, (Leiden • Boston: 2012): 21-60.
  • Bordreuil, Pierre, Françoise Briquel-Chatonnet ve Cecele Michel. Tarihin Başlangıçları Eski Yakındoğu Kültür ve Uygarlıkları. çev. L. Başaran, İstanbul: 2015, 252.
  • De Backer, Fabrice. “Cruelty and Military Reinements”. Res Antiquae 6/1, (2009): 3-50
  • Dietrich, Manfried. The Babylonian Correspondence of Sargon and Sennacherib. SAA 17, Helsinki: 2003.
  • Frahm, Eckart. “Revolts in the Neo-Assyrian Period: A Preliminary ‘Discourse Analysis’”. Revolt and Resistance in the Ancient Classical World and the Near East. ed. J. Collins and J. Manning, (2016): 76-89.
  • Gadd, Cyril John. “Inscribed Prisms of Sargon II from Nimrud”. Iraq 16, (1954): 173-201.
  • Gallagher, William R. “Assyrian Deportation Propaganda”. State Archives of Assyria Bulletin VIII/2, (1994): 57-65
  • Gökçek, Lütfi Gürkan. Asurlular, Ankara: Bilgin Kültür Sanat Yayınları, 2015.
  • Grayson, Albert Kirk and Jamie Novotny. The Royal Inscriptions of Sennacherib, King of Assyria (704-681 BC). Part 1. The Royal Inscriptions of the Neo-Assyrian Period 3/1, Winona Lake: 2012.
  • Grayson, Albert Kirk and Jamie Novotny. The Royal Inscriptions of Sennacherib, King of Assyria (704-681 BC). Part 2 The Royal Inscriptions of the Neo-Assyrian Period 3/2. Winona Lake: 2014.
  • Grayson, Albert Kirk. Assyrian Rulers of the Early First Millennium B.C. I (1114—859 BC). The Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia, Assyrian Periods, 2, Toronto: 1991.
  • Grayson, Albert Kirk. Assyrian Rulers of the Early First Millennium BC. II (858—745 B.C. The Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia, Assyrian Periods, 3, Toronto: 1996.
  • Hawkins, John David. “The Neo-Hittite States in Syria and Anatolia”. CAH III/1, eds. John Boardman, I. E. S. Edwards, N. G. L. Hammond, E. Sollberger (United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 2008): 372- 441.
  • Hunger, Hermann. Astrological Reports to Assyrian King. SAA 8, Helsinki: 1992.
  • Karaman, Hüseyin. “Nurettin Topçu’nun Felsefesinde ‘İsyan Ahlakı’”, Muhafazakâr Düşünce, (2009): 79-90.
  • Kurt, Mehmet. “M.Ö. I. Bin yıl Asur-Anadolu İlişkilerinde Kilikya Bölgesi”. Belleten Cilt LXX Sayı 257, (2006): 1-23.
  • Kurt, Mehmet. “Sanherib Dönemi Kilikya İsyanları”. Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi 28/46, (2009): 189-203.
  • Kutsal Kitap (Tevrat, Zebur, İncil). İstanbul: Yeni Yaşam Yayınları, 2015.
  • Kwasman, Theodore. Legal Transactions of the Royal Court of Nineveh, Part I: Dated and Datable Texts. SAA 6, Helsinki: 1991.
  • Lanfranchi, Goivanni B. and Simo Parpola. The Correspondence of Sargon II, Part II: Letters from the Northern and Northeastern Provinces. SAA 5, Helsinki: 1990.
  • Leichty, Erle. The Royal Inscriptions of Asarhaddon, King of Assyria (680-669 BC). The Royal Inscriptions of the Neo-Assyrian Period, Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns. 2011.
  • Liverani, Mario. “The Ideology of the Assyrian Empire”. Power and Propaganda, Ed. M.T. Larsen, Mesopotamica, Copenhagen Studies in Assyriology, 7, (Copenhagen: 1979), 297–317. 309-312
  • Luckenbill, Daniel David, Ancient Records of Assyria and Babylonia Volume 2: Historical Records of Assyria From Sargon to the End. NewYork: 1927.
  • Luukko, Mikko and Greta van Buylaere. The Political Correspondence of Asarhaddon. SAA 16, Helsinki: 2002.
  • Luukko, Mikko. The Correspondence of Tiglath-pileser III and Sargon II from Nimrud. SAA 19, Helsinki: 2012.
  • Mattila, Raija. Legal Transactions of the Royal Court of Nineveh, Part II: Asur-banipal through Sîn-šarru-iškun. SAA 14, Helsinki: 2002.
  • Melville, Sarah C. “Insurgency and Counterinsurgency in the Assyrian Empire during the Late Eighth Century BCE”. Brill's Companion to Insurgency and Terrorism in the Ancient Mediterranean, eds, Timothy Howe – Lee L. Brice, (Leiden/Boston: 2016): 62-92.
  • Oded, Bustenay. Mass Deportations and Deportees in the Neo-Assyrian Empire. Wiesbaden: 1979.
  • Oded, Bustenay. War, Peace and Empire: Justification for War in Assyrian Royal Inscriptions. Wiesbaden: 1992.
  • Parker, Bradley J. The Mechanics of Empire: The Northern Frontier of Assyria as a Case Study in Imperial Dynamics. Helsinki: The Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project, 2001.
  • Parpola Simo and Kazuko Watanabe, Neo-Assyrian Treaties and Loyalty Oaths. SAA 2, Helsinki: 1988.
  • Parpola, Simo. “Assyria's Expansion in the Eighth and Seventh Centuries BCE and Its LongTerm Repercussions in the West”. Symbiosis, Symbolism, and the Power of the Past: Canaan, Ancient Israel and their Neighbors from the Late Bronze Age through Roman Palaestina. ed. W. G. Dever and S. Gitin, (Winona Lake, Indiana: 2003): 99-111.
  • Parpola, Simo. Letters from Assyrian and Babylonian Scholars. SAA 10, Helsinki: 1993.
  • Parpola, Simo. The Correspondence of Sargon II, Part I: Letters from Assyria and the West, SAA 1, Helsinki: 1987.
  • Pekşen, Okay. “Asur Devlet Emperyalizminin Meşrulaştırılması Açısından Tanrı Aššur’a İsyan Olgusu”. Prof. Dr. Recep Yıldırım'a Armağan, Bilgin Kültür Sanat Yayınları. (2017) 355-370.
  • PNA: Prosopography of the Neo-Assyria
  • Radner, Karen “Revolts İn The Assyrian Empire: Succession Wars, Rebellions Against A False King And İndependence Movements”. Revolt and Resistance in the Ancient Classical World and the Near East: In the Crucible of Empire, eds. J. J. Collins & J. G. Manning, (Leiden: 2016), 41-54.
  • Radner, Karen. “High Visibility Punishment And Deterrent: Impalement İn Assyrian Warfare And Legal Practice”, Zeitschrift Für Altorientalische Und Biblische Rechtsgeschichte 21. (2015): 103-128.
  • Radner, Karen. “Hired Labour in the Neo-Assyrian Empire”. State Archives of Assyria Bulletin 6, (2007): 185-226.
  • Reynolds. Frances. The Babylonian Correspondence of Asarhaddon and Letters to Asurbanipal and Sîn-šarru-iškun from Northern and Central Babylonia. SAA 18, Helsinki: 2003.
  • Saggs, Henry William Frederick. The Nimrud Letters 1952. Cuneiform Texts from Nimrud 5 (CTN 5), London: 2001.
  • Starr, Ivan. Queries to the Sungod: Divination and Politics in Sargonid Assyria, SAA 4, Helsinki: 1990.
  • Tadmor, Hayim and Shigeo Yamada. The Royal Inscriptions of Tiglath-pileser III (744–727 BC) and Shalmaneser V (726–722 BC), Kings of Assyria. The Royal Inscriptions of the Neo-Assyrian Period 1, Winona Lake: 2011.
  • Türkçe Sözlük, “İsyan etmek”. Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, 2005.
  • Welch, Claude E. Anatomy of Rebellion. Albany: State Universty Press of New York, 1980.
  • ARAB: D. D. Luckenbill, Ancient Records of Assyria and Babylonia.
  • CAD: The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.
  • CDA: A Concise Dictionary of Akkadian.
  • CTN: Cuneiform Texts from Nimrod.
  • SAA: State Archives of Assyria.
  • PNA: Prosopography of the Neo-Assyria.
  • RIMA: Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia Assyrian Period.
  • RINAP: Royal Inscription of the Neo-Assyrian Period.
Toplam 56 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Koray Toptaş Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Aralık 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018

Kaynak Göster

Chicago Toptaş, Koray. “Yeni Asur Emperyalizminin Bir Sonucu Olarak İsyanlar”. Archivum Anatolicum-Anadolu Arşivleri 12, sy. 2 (Aralık 2018): 179-200. https://doi.org/10.1501/Archv_0000000157.