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Mesai İçi Ve Dışı Boş Zaman Davranışlarının Yönetimi: Teorik Çerçeve

Yıl 2020, , 590 - 604, 27.01.2020
https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.498416

Öz

Boş zaman
davranışlarının yönetimi, yöneticilerin
çoğu zaman ihmal ettiği ancak çalışan performansıyla ilişkili olan önemli
konulardan birisidir. Bu çalışmada; çalışanlar mesai içerisinde neden
boş zaman davranışları sergilemektedirler? Yöneticiler mesai içinde oluşan boş
zaman davranışlarına nasıl yaklaşmalıdır? sorularına cevap aranarak kavramsal
bir çerçeve oluşturmak amaçlanmıştır. Yine bu çalışmada çalışanların mesai
saatleri içerisinde kendisine boş zaman oluşturmak istemesinin nedenleri yayılma
teorisi, telafi teorisi, psikolojik ayrılma, kaynakların korunması, dikkat
toplama ve güç – iyileşme teorileri ele alınarak incelenmiştir. Ayrıca işletme
yöneticilerine ve bu konularda araştırma yapmak isteyen araştırmacılara mesai
içi ve dışında gerçekleşen boş zaman davranışlarının nasıl ele alınabileceğine
dair önerilerde bulunulmuştur.



 

Kaynakça

  • Aydoğan, Filiz, Medya ve Serbest Zaman, İstanbul: Om Yayınevi, 2000.
  • Clarke, John and Chas Critcher, The Devil Makes Work: Leisure In Capitalist Britain, London: Macmillan, 1985.
  • Coalter, Fred, “Leisure Policy: An Unresolvable Dualism”, In C. Rojek, Leisure for Leisure: Critical Essays, London: MacMillan, 1989.
  • Dumazedier, Joffre, Toward a Society of Leisure. New York: Free Press, 1967.
  • Dumazedier, Joffre, Leisure and the Social System, In J. F.Murphy (ed.) Concepts of Leisure, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, Prentice-Hall, 1974.
  • Edginton, Christopher. R., Donald DeGraaf, Rodney Dieser, Susan Edginton, Leisure and Life Satisfaction: Foundational Perspectives (3rd ed.). N.Y., McGraw-Hill, 2002.
  • Iso-Ahola, Seppo E., “Motivation For Leisure”. In E. L. Jackson and T. L. Burton (Eds.), Understanding Leisure and Recreation. State College, PA, 1989.
  • Kaplan, Rachel, Stephan Kaplan, The Experience Of Nature: A Psychological Perspective, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1989.
  • Kelly, John R., Leisure Identities and Interactions. London: George Allen & Unwin. 1983.
  • Kelly, John R. and Valeria J. Freysinger, 21st Century Leisure: Current Issues, Boston, 79, Allyn&Bacon, 2000.
  • Kılbaş, Şükran, Rekreasyon Boş Zamanı Değerlendirme, 4. Basım, Ankara, Gazi Kitabevi. 2010.
  • Lambdin, Lois, Elderlearning, Phoenix, AZ: Oryx Express, 1997.
  • Leitner, Michael J., Sara F. Leitner, Leisure Enhancement, Fourth Edition, Sagamore Publishing LLC, 2012.
  • Mannell Roger C. and Douglas A. Kleiber, A Social Psychology of Leisure, Venture Publishing, 1997.
  • Meijman, Teo F., Mulder, Gijsbertus, “Psychological Aspects of Workload”, 1998.
  • Moorhouse, H. F., Models of Work, Models of Leisure. In C. Rojek, Leisure For Leisure: Critical Essays, London: MacMillan, 1989.
  • Neulinger, John, The Psychology of Leisure, Springfield: Charles C. Thomas, 1981.
  • Neumeyer, H. Martin and Esther S. Neumeyer, Leisure and Recreation, Newyork: Ronald Press, 1958.
  • Parker, R. Stanley, The Sociology of Leisure, London: Allen & Unwin, 1976.
  • Rojek, Chris, Leisure for Leisure: Critical Essays, London: MacMillan, 1989.
  • Scoot, Martin, Zaman Yönetimi, (Çev: Aslı Çıngıl Çelik), İstanbul: Rota Yayınları, 1995.
  • Ulrich, Roger S., Ulf Dimberg, Beverly L. Driver, Psychophysiological Indicators of Leisure Benefits, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1989. In B. L. Driver, P. J. Brown, G. L. Peterson (Eds.), Benefits of Leisure. State College, PA: Venture.
  • B. MAKALELER
  • Arai, Susan M., Alison M. Pedlar, “Building Communities Through Leisure: Citizen Participation In A Healthy Communities Initiative”, Journal Of Leisure Research, Vol. 29, No. 2, 1997, pp. 167-182.
  • Aytaç, Ömer, “Boş Zaman Üzerine Kuramsal Yaklaşımlar”, Fırat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Cilt 12, Sayı 1, 2002, ss. 231-260.
  • Bodnar, Richard J., M. Hadjimarkou, “Endogenous Opiates And Behavior”, Peptides, Vol. 24, 2002, pp. 1241-1302.
  • Caldwell, Linda, “Leisure And Health: Why Is Leisure Therapeutic?”, British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, Vol. 33, 2010, pp. 7-26.
  • Champoux, Jciseph, “Perceptions Of Work and Nonwork”, Sociology of Work and Occupations, Vol. 5, No. 4, 1978, pp. 402-422.
  • Chick, Garry, “Leisure And Culture: Issues For An Anthropology Of Leisure”, Leisure Sciences,Vol. 20, No. 2, 1998, p.111-133.
  • Chick, Garry, Robert D. Hood, “Working And Recreating With Machines: Outdoor Recreation Choices Among Machine Tool Workers In Western Pennsylvania”, Leisure Sciences, 1996, Vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 333-354.
  • Crandall, Rick, “Social Interaction, Affect and Leisure”, Journal Of Leisure Research, Vol. 11, No. 3, 1979, p. 169.
  • Coker, Brent L.S. “Workplace Internet Leisure Browsing”, Human Performance, Vol. 26, 2013, pp. 114–125.
  • Dumazedier, Joffre, “Prominent Recreationist Defines Leisure”, Recreation Canada, 1974, pp. 32-55.
  • Edwards, Jeffrey R., Nancy P. Rothbard, “Mechanism Linking Work and Family: Clarifying The Relationship Between Work and Family Constructs”, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 25, Iss. 1, 2000, p. 180.
  • Emmons, Robert A., Randy J. Larsen and Ed Diener, “Choice And Avoidance Of Everyday Situations And Affect Congruence: Two Models Of Reciprocal Interactionism”, Journal of Personality and Psychology, No. 51, 1986, pp. 815-826.
  • Etzion, Dalla, Dow Eden, Lapidot,Y., “Relief From Job Stressors And Burnout: Reserve Service A Sarespite”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 83, 1998, p. 577–585.
  • Faunce, William A., Robert Dubin, “Individual Investment in Working And Living”, 1975, In Champoux, Jciseph E., “Perceptions of Work And Nonwork”, Sociology of Work And Occupations, Vol. 5, No. 4, 1978, p. 403.
  • Fenech, Margaret Anne, “Why Leisure Occupations Are A Necessary, Meaningful And Therapeutic Use Of Free Time For Individuals With Complex Neurological Disabilities”, Researchgate, 2008, p. 1-24.
  • Gavarkovs, Adam G. “Nature-Based Physical Activity Advertising: Western Undergrate Research Recommendations Based on Attention Restoration Theory and Psychoevolutionary Theory”, Journal Health And Natural Sciences, Vol. 6, No. 1, 2015, p. 3.
  • Geurts, Sabina Sabina Sonnentag, “Recovery As An Explanatory Mechanism in The Relation Between Acute Stres Reaction Sandchronic Health Impairment”, Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, Vol. 32, 2006, pp. 482–492.
  • Gervais, Roxane L., “Detachment And Recovery After Work: An Overview”, Health & Safety Laboratory, UK, 2014, p. 1.
  • Godbey, Geoffrey C., Linda L. Caldwell, Myron Floyd and Laura L. Payne. “Contributions of Leisure Studies and Recreation and Park Management Research to the Active Living Agenda”, American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2005, pp. 150-158.
  • Gorman-Murray, Andrew, Catherine Nash, “Introduction: Sex, Consumption And Commerce In The Contemporary City”, Urban Studies, December 6, 2016.
  • Gürbüz, Bülent and Karla Henderson. “Exploring The Meanings Of Leisure Among Turkish University Students”, Croatian Journal of Education , Vol. 15, No. 4, 2013, pp. 927-957.
  • Haggard, Lois M. and Daniel R. Williams, “Identity Affirmation Through Leisure Activities:Leisuresymbols Of The Self”, Journal of Leisure Research, 1992, pp. 1-18.
  • Henderson, Karla A., Jacqelyn Presley and M. Deborah Bialeschki, “Theory in Recreation and Leisure Research: Reflections From the Editors”, Leisure Sciences, No. 26, 2004, pp. 411-425.
  • Henderson, Karla A. and M. Deborah Bialeschki, “Leisure And Active Lifestyles: Research Reflections”, Leisure Sciences, 2007, pp. 355-365.
  • Hobfoll, Stevan E., “Conservation of Resources A New Attempt at Conceptualizing Stress”, American Psychological Association, Vol. 44, No. 3, 1989, pp. 513-524.
  • Hobfoll, Stevan E., “Social And Psychological Resources And Adaptation”, Review of General Psychology, Vol. 6, 2002, pp. 307–324.
  • Iwasaki, Yoshitaka, Roger C. Mannell, “The Effects of Leisure Beliefs And Coping Strategies On Stresshealth Relationships”, Leisure/Loisir, Vol. 24, No. 1, 2000, pp. 3–57.Judge, Timothy A. and Shinichiro Watanabe, “Individual Differences In The Nature Of Th Erelationship Between Job And Life Satisfaction”, The British Psychological Society, 1994, pp. 101-107.
  • Kando, Thomas M. and Worth C. Summers, “The Impact of Work on Leisure”, Pacific Sociological Review, 14, 1971, pp. 313-327.
  • Kaplan, Stephen, “Meditation, Restoration and the Management of Mental Fatigue”, Environment and Behavior, Vol. 33, 2001, p. 8.
  • Kanfer, Ruth, Philip L. Ackerman, Todd C. Murtha, Brad Dugdale, Leissa Nelson, “Goal Setting, Conditions of Practice, And Task Performance: A Resource Allocation Perspective”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 79, 1994, pp. 826–835.
  • Kelly, John R., “Work and Leisure: A Simplified Paradigm”, Journal of Leisure Research, Vol. 4, No. 1, 1972, pp. 50-62.
  • Kelly, John R., “Changing Issues in Leisure-Family Research-Again”, Journal of Leisure Research, Vol. 29, No. 1, 1997, pp. 132-134.
  • Kelly, John R. and Janice R. Kelly, “Multiple Dimensions Of Meaning in the Domains of Work, Family and Leisure”, Journal of Leisure Research, Vol. 26, No. 3, 1994, pp. 250-274.
  • Kirchmeyer, Catherine. “Nonwork Participation and Work Attitudes A Test of Scarciity Expansion Models of Personel Resources”, Human Relations, In, Raphael Snir, Itzhark Harpaz, Work- Leisure Relations, Leisure Orientation And The Meaning of Work, Journal of Leisure Research, Vol. 34, 2002, pp. 3-43.
  • Kleiber, Douglas A., Susan L. Hutchinson and R. Williams, “Leisure As A Resource In Transcending Negative Life Events; Self Protections, Self Restoration And Personel Transformation”, Leisure Science, Vol. 24, 2002, pp. 219-235.
  • Lebbon, Angela R. and Dene T. Hurley, “The Effects Of Workplace Leisure Behavior on Work-Related Behavior” Journal Of Behavioral Studies In Business, 2012.
  • Lee, Yuongkhill, Jim Dattilo, “The Complex and Dynamic Nature of Leisure Experience", Journal of Leisure Research, Vol. 26, No. 3, 1994, pp. 195-211.
  • Lewis, Suzan, “The Integration Of Paid Work And The Rest Of Life. Is Post-Industrial Work The New Leisure?”, Leisure Studies, Vol. 22, 2003, pp. 343-355.
  • Lu, Chiang-Chuan, Tien-Ming Cheng, Shu-Jeng Huang, “The Impact Of The Causality Between Work–Family Conflict, Well-Being and Leisure Coping Strategies On Tour Professionals”, Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 2015, p. 2.
  • McEwen, Bruce, “Protective And Damaging Effects of Stress Mediators: Central Role of The Brain”, Dialogues Clinic Neuroscience, Vol. 8, 2006, p. 367.
  • Meisneer, Martin, “The Long Arm Of The Job: A Study Of Work And Leisure”, Industrial Relations, 1971, p. 239-260; In Champoux, Jciseph E., “Perceptions of Work and Nonwork”, Sociology of Work and Occupations, Vol. 5, No. 4, 1978, pp. 402-422.
  • Newman, David B., Louis Tay, Ed Diener, “Leisure And Subjective Well-Being: A Model of Psychological Mechanisms As Mediating Factors”, Journal Of Happiness Study, Vol. 15, 2014, pp. 555–578.
  • Okumuş, Ejder, “Boş Zamanlar ve İslam”, Sosyal Bilimler Araştırma Dergisi, Mart Sayı 5, 2005, s. 26.
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  • Roberts, Kenneth, “The Impact Of Leisure On Society”, World Leisure Journal, 2000/3, p. 6.
  • Rojek, Chris, “Leisure and Life Politics”, Leisure Sciences, 2010, pp. 115-125.
  • Rojek, Chris, “Leisure Theory: Retrospect and Prospect”, Loisir & Societe (Society and Leisure),Vol. 20, No. 2, 1997, pp. 383–400.
  • Rojek, Chris, “Baudrillard and Leisure”, Leisure Studies, Vol. 16, 1990, pp. 7-20.
  • Russell, Ruth V., Frances K. Stage, “Leisure As Burden: Sudanese Refugee Women”, Journal of Leisure Research, Vol. 28, No. 2, 1996, pp. 108-121.
  • Ryan, Richard M., Edward L. Deci, “Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations: Classic Definitions And New Directions”, Contemporary Educational Psychology, Vol. 25, 2000, pp. 54–67.
  • Ryan, Richard M., Edward Deci, “Self – Determination Theory And The Facilitation of Intrinsic Motivation, Social Development And Well- Being”, American Psychologist, Vol. 55, No. 1, 2000, pp. 68-78.
  • Scraton, Sheila, Beccy Watson, “Gendered Cities: Women and Public Space in the Postmodern City”, Leisure Studies, Vol. 17, 1998, pp. 123-137.
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Management of Workplace and out of Workplace Leisure Behaviors: Theoretical Framework

Yıl 2020, , 590 - 604, 27.01.2020
https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.498416

Öz

Management of leisure behaviors is one of the important issues that managers often neglect but it is related to employee performance. Why are employees exhibiting leisure activities during work? How managers should approach the leisure behaviors within working hours. Basic aim of this study is to find solutions to these questions. If the reasons for the employee's desire to constitute leisure in working hours are determined, the leisure behaviours of the employees will be managed successfully. This study consists of three main parts. In the first part, scientific research field development and historical development of leisure concept are discussed with indifferent approaches. In the second part of the work, the causes of leisure behaviors of employees in the work were investigated by considering theory of spillover, compensation, psychological distraction, conservation of resources theory, attention restoration theory and effort recovery model. In the third part of the study, proposals were also made about how to manage leisure behaviors both in and out of the work place for business managers and researchers who want to conduct research in these subjects.

Kaynakça

  • Aydoğan, Filiz, Medya ve Serbest Zaman, İstanbul: Om Yayınevi, 2000.
  • Clarke, John and Chas Critcher, The Devil Makes Work: Leisure In Capitalist Britain, London: Macmillan, 1985.
  • Coalter, Fred, “Leisure Policy: An Unresolvable Dualism”, In C. Rojek, Leisure for Leisure: Critical Essays, London: MacMillan, 1989.
  • Dumazedier, Joffre, Toward a Society of Leisure. New York: Free Press, 1967.
  • Dumazedier, Joffre, Leisure and the Social System, In J. F.Murphy (ed.) Concepts of Leisure, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, Prentice-Hall, 1974.
  • Edginton, Christopher. R., Donald DeGraaf, Rodney Dieser, Susan Edginton, Leisure and Life Satisfaction: Foundational Perspectives (3rd ed.). N.Y., McGraw-Hill, 2002.
  • Iso-Ahola, Seppo E., “Motivation For Leisure”. In E. L. Jackson and T. L. Burton (Eds.), Understanding Leisure and Recreation. State College, PA, 1989.
  • Kaplan, Rachel, Stephan Kaplan, The Experience Of Nature: A Psychological Perspective, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1989.
  • Kelly, John R., Leisure Identities and Interactions. London: George Allen & Unwin. 1983.
  • Kelly, John R. and Valeria J. Freysinger, 21st Century Leisure: Current Issues, Boston, 79, Allyn&Bacon, 2000.
  • Kılbaş, Şükran, Rekreasyon Boş Zamanı Değerlendirme, 4. Basım, Ankara, Gazi Kitabevi. 2010.
  • Lambdin, Lois, Elderlearning, Phoenix, AZ: Oryx Express, 1997.
  • Leitner, Michael J., Sara F. Leitner, Leisure Enhancement, Fourth Edition, Sagamore Publishing LLC, 2012.
  • Mannell Roger C. and Douglas A. Kleiber, A Social Psychology of Leisure, Venture Publishing, 1997.
  • Meijman, Teo F., Mulder, Gijsbertus, “Psychological Aspects of Workload”, 1998.
  • Moorhouse, H. F., Models of Work, Models of Leisure. In C. Rojek, Leisure For Leisure: Critical Essays, London: MacMillan, 1989.
  • Neulinger, John, The Psychology of Leisure, Springfield: Charles C. Thomas, 1981.
  • Neumeyer, H. Martin and Esther S. Neumeyer, Leisure and Recreation, Newyork: Ronald Press, 1958.
  • Parker, R. Stanley, The Sociology of Leisure, London: Allen & Unwin, 1976.
  • Rojek, Chris, Leisure for Leisure: Critical Essays, London: MacMillan, 1989.
  • Scoot, Martin, Zaman Yönetimi, (Çev: Aslı Çıngıl Çelik), İstanbul: Rota Yayınları, 1995.
  • Ulrich, Roger S., Ulf Dimberg, Beverly L. Driver, Psychophysiological Indicators of Leisure Benefits, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1989. In B. L. Driver, P. J. Brown, G. L. Peterson (Eds.), Benefits of Leisure. State College, PA: Venture.
  • B. MAKALELER
  • Arai, Susan M., Alison M. Pedlar, “Building Communities Through Leisure: Citizen Participation In A Healthy Communities Initiative”, Journal Of Leisure Research, Vol. 29, No. 2, 1997, pp. 167-182.
  • Aytaç, Ömer, “Boş Zaman Üzerine Kuramsal Yaklaşımlar”, Fırat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Cilt 12, Sayı 1, 2002, ss. 231-260.
  • Bodnar, Richard J., M. Hadjimarkou, “Endogenous Opiates And Behavior”, Peptides, Vol. 24, 2002, pp. 1241-1302.
  • Caldwell, Linda, “Leisure And Health: Why Is Leisure Therapeutic?”, British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, Vol. 33, 2010, pp. 7-26.
  • Champoux, Jciseph, “Perceptions Of Work and Nonwork”, Sociology of Work and Occupations, Vol. 5, No. 4, 1978, pp. 402-422.
  • Chick, Garry, “Leisure And Culture: Issues For An Anthropology Of Leisure”, Leisure Sciences,Vol. 20, No. 2, 1998, p.111-133.
  • Chick, Garry, Robert D. Hood, “Working And Recreating With Machines: Outdoor Recreation Choices Among Machine Tool Workers In Western Pennsylvania”, Leisure Sciences, 1996, Vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 333-354.
  • Crandall, Rick, “Social Interaction, Affect and Leisure”, Journal Of Leisure Research, Vol. 11, No. 3, 1979, p. 169.
  • Coker, Brent L.S. “Workplace Internet Leisure Browsing”, Human Performance, Vol. 26, 2013, pp. 114–125.
  • Dumazedier, Joffre, “Prominent Recreationist Defines Leisure”, Recreation Canada, 1974, pp. 32-55.
  • Edwards, Jeffrey R., Nancy P. Rothbard, “Mechanism Linking Work and Family: Clarifying The Relationship Between Work and Family Constructs”, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 25, Iss. 1, 2000, p. 180.
  • Emmons, Robert A., Randy J. Larsen and Ed Diener, “Choice And Avoidance Of Everyday Situations And Affect Congruence: Two Models Of Reciprocal Interactionism”, Journal of Personality and Psychology, No. 51, 1986, pp. 815-826.
  • Etzion, Dalla, Dow Eden, Lapidot,Y., “Relief From Job Stressors And Burnout: Reserve Service A Sarespite”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 83, 1998, p. 577–585.
  • Faunce, William A., Robert Dubin, “Individual Investment in Working And Living”, 1975, In Champoux, Jciseph E., “Perceptions of Work And Nonwork”, Sociology of Work And Occupations, Vol. 5, No. 4, 1978, p. 403.
  • Fenech, Margaret Anne, “Why Leisure Occupations Are A Necessary, Meaningful And Therapeutic Use Of Free Time For Individuals With Complex Neurological Disabilities”, Researchgate, 2008, p. 1-24.
  • Gavarkovs, Adam G. “Nature-Based Physical Activity Advertising: Western Undergrate Research Recommendations Based on Attention Restoration Theory and Psychoevolutionary Theory”, Journal Health And Natural Sciences, Vol. 6, No. 1, 2015, p. 3.
  • Geurts, Sabina Sabina Sonnentag, “Recovery As An Explanatory Mechanism in The Relation Between Acute Stres Reaction Sandchronic Health Impairment”, Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, Vol. 32, 2006, pp. 482–492.
  • Gervais, Roxane L., “Detachment And Recovery After Work: An Overview”, Health & Safety Laboratory, UK, 2014, p. 1.
  • Godbey, Geoffrey C., Linda L. Caldwell, Myron Floyd and Laura L. Payne. “Contributions of Leisure Studies and Recreation and Park Management Research to the Active Living Agenda”, American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2005, pp. 150-158.
  • Gorman-Murray, Andrew, Catherine Nash, “Introduction: Sex, Consumption And Commerce In The Contemporary City”, Urban Studies, December 6, 2016.
  • Gürbüz, Bülent and Karla Henderson. “Exploring The Meanings Of Leisure Among Turkish University Students”, Croatian Journal of Education , Vol. 15, No. 4, 2013, pp. 927-957.
  • Haggard, Lois M. and Daniel R. Williams, “Identity Affirmation Through Leisure Activities:Leisuresymbols Of The Self”, Journal of Leisure Research, 1992, pp. 1-18.
  • Henderson, Karla A., Jacqelyn Presley and M. Deborah Bialeschki, “Theory in Recreation and Leisure Research: Reflections From the Editors”, Leisure Sciences, No. 26, 2004, pp. 411-425.
  • Henderson, Karla A. and M. Deborah Bialeschki, “Leisure And Active Lifestyles: Research Reflections”, Leisure Sciences, 2007, pp. 355-365.
  • Hobfoll, Stevan E., “Conservation of Resources A New Attempt at Conceptualizing Stress”, American Psychological Association, Vol. 44, No. 3, 1989, pp. 513-524.
  • Hobfoll, Stevan E., “Social And Psychological Resources And Adaptation”, Review of General Psychology, Vol. 6, 2002, pp. 307–324.
  • Iwasaki, Yoshitaka, Roger C. Mannell, “The Effects of Leisure Beliefs And Coping Strategies On Stresshealth Relationships”, Leisure/Loisir, Vol. 24, No. 1, 2000, pp. 3–57.Judge, Timothy A. and Shinichiro Watanabe, “Individual Differences In The Nature Of Th Erelationship Between Job And Life Satisfaction”, The British Psychological Society, 1994, pp. 101-107.
  • Kando, Thomas M. and Worth C. Summers, “The Impact of Work on Leisure”, Pacific Sociological Review, 14, 1971, pp. 313-327.
  • Kaplan, Stephen, “Meditation, Restoration and the Management of Mental Fatigue”, Environment and Behavior, Vol. 33, 2001, p. 8.
  • Kanfer, Ruth, Philip L. Ackerman, Todd C. Murtha, Brad Dugdale, Leissa Nelson, “Goal Setting, Conditions of Practice, And Task Performance: A Resource Allocation Perspective”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 79, 1994, pp. 826–835.
  • Kelly, John R., “Work and Leisure: A Simplified Paradigm”, Journal of Leisure Research, Vol. 4, No. 1, 1972, pp. 50-62.
  • Kelly, John R., “Changing Issues in Leisure-Family Research-Again”, Journal of Leisure Research, Vol. 29, No. 1, 1997, pp. 132-134.
  • Kelly, John R. and Janice R. Kelly, “Multiple Dimensions Of Meaning in the Domains of Work, Family and Leisure”, Journal of Leisure Research, Vol. 26, No. 3, 1994, pp. 250-274.
  • Kirchmeyer, Catherine. “Nonwork Participation and Work Attitudes A Test of Scarciity Expansion Models of Personel Resources”, Human Relations, In, Raphael Snir, Itzhark Harpaz, Work- Leisure Relations, Leisure Orientation And The Meaning of Work, Journal of Leisure Research, Vol. 34, 2002, pp. 3-43.
  • Kleiber, Douglas A., Susan L. Hutchinson and R. Williams, “Leisure As A Resource In Transcending Negative Life Events; Self Protections, Self Restoration And Personel Transformation”, Leisure Science, Vol. 24, 2002, pp. 219-235.
  • Lebbon, Angela R. and Dene T. Hurley, “The Effects Of Workplace Leisure Behavior on Work-Related Behavior” Journal Of Behavioral Studies In Business, 2012.
  • Lee, Yuongkhill, Jim Dattilo, “The Complex and Dynamic Nature of Leisure Experience", Journal of Leisure Research, Vol. 26, No. 3, 1994, pp. 195-211.
  • Lewis, Suzan, “The Integration Of Paid Work And The Rest Of Life. Is Post-Industrial Work The New Leisure?”, Leisure Studies, Vol. 22, 2003, pp. 343-355.
  • Lu, Chiang-Chuan, Tien-Ming Cheng, Shu-Jeng Huang, “The Impact Of The Causality Between Work–Family Conflict, Well-Being and Leisure Coping Strategies On Tour Professionals”, Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 2015, p. 2.
  • McEwen, Bruce, “Protective And Damaging Effects of Stress Mediators: Central Role of The Brain”, Dialogues Clinic Neuroscience, Vol. 8, 2006, p. 367.
  • Meisneer, Martin, “The Long Arm Of The Job: A Study Of Work And Leisure”, Industrial Relations, 1971, p. 239-260; In Champoux, Jciseph E., “Perceptions of Work and Nonwork”, Sociology of Work and Occupations, Vol. 5, No. 4, 1978, pp. 402-422.
  • Newman, David B., Louis Tay, Ed Diener, “Leisure And Subjective Well-Being: A Model of Psychological Mechanisms As Mediating Factors”, Journal Of Happiness Study, Vol. 15, 2014, pp. 555–578.
  • Okumuş, Ejder, “Boş Zamanlar ve İslam”, Sosyal Bilimler Araştırma Dergisi, Mart Sayı 5, 2005, s. 26.
  • Özcan, Burcu, Hedonizm ve Kimlik Temeline Dayalı Postmodern Tüketim Yaklaşımı, http://istanbul.dergipark.gov.tr/ Erişim Tarihi 16/04/2015.
  • Paluba, G. V. and J. Neulinger, “Stereotypes Based On Free Time Activities” Society and Leisure, 1976, pp. 89-95.
  • Roberts, Kenneth, “The Impact Of Leisure On Society”, World Leisure Journal, 2000/3, p. 6.
  • Rojek, Chris, “Leisure and Life Politics”, Leisure Sciences, 2010, pp. 115-125.
  • Rojek, Chris, “Leisure Theory: Retrospect and Prospect”, Loisir & Societe (Society and Leisure),Vol. 20, No. 2, 1997, pp. 383–400.
  • Rojek, Chris, “Baudrillard and Leisure”, Leisure Studies, Vol. 16, 1990, pp. 7-20.
  • Russell, Ruth V., Frances K. Stage, “Leisure As Burden: Sudanese Refugee Women”, Journal of Leisure Research, Vol. 28, No. 2, 1996, pp. 108-121.
  • Ryan, Richard M., Edward L. Deci, “Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations: Classic Definitions And New Directions”, Contemporary Educational Psychology, Vol. 25, 2000, pp. 54–67.
  • Ryan, Richard M., Edward Deci, “Self – Determination Theory And The Facilitation of Intrinsic Motivation, Social Development And Well- Being”, American Psychologist, Vol. 55, No. 1, 2000, pp. 68-78.
  • Scraton, Sheila, Beccy Watson, “Gendered Cities: Women and Public Space in the Postmodern City”, Leisure Studies, Vol. 17, 1998, pp. 123-137.
  • Shamir, Boas, “Some Antecedents of Work-Nonwork Conflict”, Journal of Vocational Behavior, Vol. 23, 1983, pp. 98-111.
  • Sluiter, Judith K., Van der Beek, Monigue Frings-Dresen, “The Influence of Work Characteristics on The Need For Recovery And Experienced Health: A Study On Coach Drivers”, Ergonomics, Vol. 42, 1999, pp. 573-583.
  • Sluiter, Judith K., Frings, Dresen, Theo Meijman, Allard J Van der Beek, “Reactivity And Recovery From Different Types Of Work Measured By Catecholamines And Cortisol: Asystematic Literature Review”, Occupational Environmental Medicine, Vol. 57, 2000, pp. 289-315.
  • Sonnentag, Sabine, Charlotte Fritz, “The Recovery Experience Questionnaire: Development And Validation of A Measure For Assessing Recuperation And Unwinding From Work”, Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, Vol. 12, 2007, pp. 204–221.
  • Sonnentag, Sabine, “Work, Recovery Activities And Individual Well-Being: A Diary Study”, Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, Vol. 6, 2001, pp. 196-210.
  • Spreitzer, Elmer A. and Eldon Snyder, “Correlates of Participation in Adult Recreational Sports”, Journal of Leisure Research, Vol. 75, 1983, pp. 27-38.
  • Stebbins, Robert A., “Serious Leisure: A Conceptual Statement”, Pacific Sociological Review, Vol. 25, 1982, pp. 251-272.
  • Stewart, William P., “Leisure as Multiphase Expereinces: Challenging Traditions”, Journal of Leisure Research, Vol. 30, No. 4, 1998, pp. 391-400.
  • Tait, Marianne, Margaret Y. Padgett, Timothy T. Baldwin, “Job And Life Satisfaction: A Reevaluation of The Strength of The Relationship And Gender Effects As A Function Of The Date Of The Study”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 74, No. 3, 1989, pp. 502-507.
  • Trougakos, John P., Daniel J. Beal, Stephen G. Green, Howard M. Weiss “Making The Break Count: An Episodic Examination of Recovery Activities, Emotional Experiences And Positive Affective Displays”, Academy Of Management Journal, 2008, p. 18.
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  • Wagner, Sharon L., John W. Lounsbury, Lane G. Fitzgerald, “Attributes Factors Associated With Work/Leisure Perceptives”, Journal Of Leisure Research, Vol. 21, No. 2, 1989, pp. 155-166.
  • Wilensky, Harold L., “Work, Careers, And Social Integration”, International Social Science Journal, Vol. 12, No. 4, 1960, pp. 543-560.
  • Wilson, John, “The Sociology of Leisure”, Annual Review of Sociology, Vol. 6, 1980, pp. 21-40.
  • C. BİLDİRİLER
  • Leckey, Patrick J. and Roger C. Mannell, “Role Of Leisure Behaviour in Person Perception”, Wolfville, Nova Scotia: Ninth Canadian Congress on Leisure Research, 1999.
  • Long, Jonathan, “Immaculate Concepts?” Paper to the 2nd International Conference of the Leisure Studies Association, University of Sussex, Brighton, England, 1988.Westman, Mina, “Gain And Loss Spirals: Applying Hobfoll’s COR Theory To Respite Research” Chicago, Paper Presented At The Academy Of Management Meeting, 1999.
  • Zijlstra, Fred R. H., Sabine Sonnentag, “After Work Is Done: Psychological Perspectives On Recovery From Work”, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, Vol. 15, 2006, pp. 129–138.
  • D. DİĞER
  • Chua, Steven, The Sociology of Leisure An Examination Of The Relationship Between Perceived Experience And Participation, Phd Thesis, 2001, p. 27.
  • İyem, Cemal, Yeni Çalışma Etiği Ve Boş Zaman Çalışanları: Türkiye'deki Profesyonel Futbolcular Örneği, Doktora Tezi, Sakarya, 2011, s. 39.
  • Önder, Demet, Changing Geography of Urban Leisure: The Case Of Ankara, Doctor of Philosophy In City and Regional Planning, Ankara, 2013.
  • Pennonen, Marjo, Recovery From Work Stress Academic Dissertation, University of Tampere Antecedents, Processes And Outcomes, Academic Dissertation University of Tampere, 2011, p. 15.
  • Stebbins, Robert A., “Homo Otiosus: Who Is This Creature, Does It Exist, Should It Matter”, Leisure Studies Association Newsletter, No. 94, 2012, p. 19.
  • Tel, Mikail, Ögretim Üyelerinin Boş Zaman Etkinlikleri Üzerine Sosyolojik Bir Arastırma: Doğu Anadolu Örnegi, Doktora Tezi, 2007.
Toplam 101 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Ebru Aykan 0000-0003-3537-5235

Zübeyir Özçelik 0000-0001-7027-7396

Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Ocak 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 17 Aralık 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020

Kaynak Göster

APA Aykan, E., & Özçelik, Z. (2020). Mesai İçi Ve Dışı Boş Zaman Davranışlarının Yönetimi: Teorik Çerçeve. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 9(1), 590-604. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.498416
AMA Aykan E, Özçelik Z. Mesai İçi Ve Dışı Boş Zaman Davranışlarının Yönetimi: Teorik Çerçeve. MJSS. Ocak 2020;9(1):590-604. doi:10.33206/mjss.498416
Chicago Aykan, Ebru, ve Zübeyir Özçelik. “Mesai İçi Ve Dışı Boş Zaman Davranışlarının Yönetimi: Teorik Çerçeve”. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 9, sy. 1 (Ocak 2020): 590-604. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.498416.
EndNote Aykan E, Özçelik Z (01 Ocak 2020) Mesai İçi Ve Dışı Boş Zaman Davranışlarının Yönetimi: Teorik Çerçeve. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 9 1 590–604.
IEEE E. Aykan ve Z. Özçelik, “Mesai İçi Ve Dışı Boş Zaman Davranışlarının Yönetimi: Teorik Çerçeve”, MJSS, c. 9, sy. 1, ss. 590–604, 2020, doi: 10.33206/mjss.498416.
ISNAD Aykan, Ebru - Özçelik, Zübeyir. “Mesai İçi Ve Dışı Boş Zaman Davranışlarının Yönetimi: Teorik Çerçeve”. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 9/1 (Ocak 2020), 590-604. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.498416.
JAMA Aykan E, Özçelik Z. Mesai İçi Ve Dışı Boş Zaman Davranışlarının Yönetimi: Teorik Çerçeve. MJSS. 2020;9:590–604.
MLA Aykan, Ebru ve Zübeyir Özçelik. “Mesai İçi Ve Dışı Boş Zaman Davranışlarının Yönetimi: Teorik Çerçeve”. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, c. 9, sy. 1, 2020, ss. 590-04, doi:10.33206/mjss.498416.
Vancouver Aykan E, Özçelik Z. Mesai İçi Ve Dışı Boş Zaman Davranışlarının Yönetimi: Teorik Çerçeve. MJSS. 2020;9(1):590-604.

MANAS Journal of Social Studies (MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi)     


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