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John Osborne’un Look Back in Anger (Öfke) Eserinde Konuşma İlkeleri ve Fiziksel Şiddet Anları

Year 2025, Volume: 19 Issue: 1, 99 - 110, 30.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.47777/cankujhss.1633187

Abstract

Dilin kullanımı, drama metinlerinde ana fikrin izleyiciye ya da okura etkili bir şekilde iletilmesi için oldukça önemlidir. Her yazarın kendine özgü bir biçemi olduğu önermesine dayanarak, birçok alt alanı ve araştırma alanını kapsayan Biçembilim, dilbilimin olanaklarından ve unsurlarından yararlanarak yazarın biçemini çözümleye imkân tanıyan temel bir eleştiri yöntemi olarak ortaya çıkar. Bu çalışma, John Osborne’un Öfke adlı oyununda dilin realizmi temel alan Kitchen Sink dramanın belirgin bir yönü olan şiddet temasını tasvir etmek için nasıl kullanıldığını incelemeye odaklanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, oyundan seçilen belirli diyaloglara, özellikle sağlıklı bir iletişim için uygun bir diyalog yapısında iş birliğini hedefleyen İş Birliği İlkesinin (Cooperative Principle) incelenmesine odaklanan biçembilim kuramları ile yaklaşılmaktadır. Bu nedenle, İş Birliği İlkesi kuramını drama metinlerinin seçilen kısımlarına uygulanması, edebiyattaki diyalogların daha derinden anlaşılmasına olanak sağlar. Çalışmanın temel amacı, diyaloglardaki çoklu ve dengesiz ilke kullanımının kusurlu bir şekilde sonuçlandığını göstermektir. Bu durum, John Osborne’un ana karakterin Öfkeli Genç Adamlar (Angry Youg Men) dönemi İngiliz sosyal hayatını temsil ettiği bir Kitchen Sink Drama örneği olan Öfke adlı oyunundan seçilen alıntılar üzerinden örneklendirilmektedir. Bu bağlamda, çalışma incelenen diyaloglarda konuşmacılardan birinin sözel iletişimi etkisiz ve işlevsiz olarak algıladığı durumların yanlış anlamalara, iletişimsizliğe ve kimi zaman da çalışmada -sözel olmayan eylem- olarak nitelenen fiziksel şiddete yol açabileceğini göstermektedir.

References

  • Brockett, O. G. Ball R. J. Fleming J. & Carlson A. (2017). The essential theatre (11th edition). Cengage Learnings.
  • Clark, H. H., & Shober, M. F. (1992). Discourse and goals. In J. M. Tanur (Ed.) Questions about questions: Inquiries into the cognitive bases of surveys (pp. 15-48). Russell Sage Foundation.
  • Cuddon, J. A. (2013). A dictionary of literary terms and literary theory. Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Culpeber, J., Short, M., & Verdonk, P. (1998). Exploring the language of drama: from text to context. Routledge.
  • D’Monté, R. (2019). Democracy, decentralisation and diversity: The renaissance of British theatre. In G. Plain (Ed.), British literature in transition: 1940-1960 Postwar (pp. 68-84). Cambridge University Press.
  • Dornan, R. (2007). Kitchen sink drama. In K. King (Ed.) Western drama through the ages: A student reference guide, Volumes 1&2 (pp. 452-453). Westport. Greenwood Press.
  • Gibbons, A., & Whiteley, S. (2018). Contemporary stylistics. Language, cognition, interpretation. Edinburgh University Press.
  • Gilleman, L. (2002). John Osborne: A vituperative artist. Routledge.
  • Grice, H. P. (1975) Logic and conversation. Ed. Cole, P. & Morgan, L. in Syntax and Semantics Volume 3. Academic Press.
  • Grice, H. P. (1991). Studies in the way of words. Harvard University Press.
  • Herman, V. (2002). Turn management in drama. In J. Culpeper, M. Short, & P. Verdonk (Eds.), Exploring the language of drama: from text to context. (pp. 19-33). Taylor & Francis e-library.
  • İşci, V. (2022). Stylistic analyses of Philip Larkin's Ambulances and Harold Pinter's Victoria Station. RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi, (31), 1401-1419. DOI: 10.29000/rumelide.1222297.
  • Jeffries, L. (2017). Stylistics. Obo in Victorian literature. Doi: 10.1093/obo/9780190221911-0048
  • Kadhim, H. A., & Mohammed, W. S. M. (2021). Aggressive Language in Literature: a pragmatic approach. Arab World English Journal, 12(4), 224-242. Doi: 10.24093/awej/vol12no4.16
  • Kalaba, J. (2014). Sarcastic intertextualities as ‘Angry Speech’ in John Osborne’s Look Back in Anger. Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi, 54(1), 309-320. Doi: 10.1201/dtcfder_0000001383
  • Leech, G. N. & Short, M. H. (1994). Style in fiction: A linguistic introduction to English fictional prose (11. Impr.). Longman.
  • Levinson, S. C. (1983). Pragmatics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
  • May, W. (2010). Postwar literature 1950 to 1990. Pearson Longman.
  • Mills, S. (1998). Feminist stylistics. Routledge.
  • Rabey, D., I. (2003). English drama since 1940. Pearson.
  • Short, M. (2005). Discourse analysis and the analysis of drama. In R. Carter& P. Simpson (Eds), Language, discourse and literature: An introductory course stylistics. (pp. 137-168). Routledge.
  • Simpson, P. (2004). Stylistics: A resource book for students. Routledge.
  • Wolfreys J., Robbins R. & Womack K. (2006). Key concepts in literary theory (2nd ed.) Edinburgh University Press.
  • Yule, G. (2020). The study on language. (Seventh Edition). Cambridge University Press.

Conversational Maxims and Moments of Physical Violence in John Osborne’s Look Back in Anger

Year 2025, Volume: 19 Issue: 1, 99 - 110, 30.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.47777/cankujhss.1633187

Abstract

ABSTRACT
It is crucial to use language effectively in dramatic texts to communicate a central idea to the audience or reader. Based on the premise that each writer has his/her own unique style, stylistics, which encapsulates many subfields and areas of research, appears as a cardinal method of criticism that allows analysing an author’s style by utilising the possibilities and elements of linguistics. The present study examines how language is used in John Osborne's Look Back in Anger to depict the theme of violence, a prominent aspect of Kitchen Sink Drama, which is grounded in realism. The analysis approaches the selected dialogues from the play through the lens of stylistic theories, specifically focusing on scrutinising them with the Cooperative Principle (CP) that targets cooperation in the structure of a proper dialogue for sound conversation. Therefore, applying CP theory to selected parts of drama texts effectively provides a deeper understanding of dialogues in the literature. The primary objective of this study is to illustrate that the multiple imbalanced uses of maxims in the dialogues may result in flawed or disrupted communication. This is exemplified through the selected excerpts from Look Back in Anger, a Kitchen Sink Drama in which Osborne’s protagonist represents the Angry Young Men generation in British society. In this context, the study demonstrates that in the analysed dialogues, instances where one of the speakers perceives verbal communication as ineffective and dysfunctional may lead to misunderstandings, communicative breakdowns, and, at times, physical violence, which is identified in the study as a “Non-verbal Act.”

References

  • Brockett, O. G. Ball R. J. Fleming J. & Carlson A. (2017). The essential theatre (11th edition). Cengage Learnings.
  • Clark, H. H., & Shober, M. F. (1992). Discourse and goals. In J. M. Tanur (Ed.) Questions about questions: Inquiries into the cognitive bases of surveys (pp. 15-48). Russell Sage Foundation.
  • Cuddon, J. A. (2013). A dictionary of literary terms and literary theory. Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Culpeber, J., Short, M., & Verdonk, P. (1998). Exploring the language of drama: from text to context. Routledge.
  • D’Monté, R. (2019). Democracy, decentralisation and diversity: The renaissance of British theatre. In G. Plain (Ed.), British literature in transition: 1940-1960 Postwar (pp. 68-84). Cambridge University Press.
  • Dornan, R. (2007). Kitchen sink drama. In K. King (Ed.) Western drama through the ages: A student reference guide, Volumes 1&2 (pp. 452-453). Westport. Greenwood Press.
  • Gibbons, A., & Whiteley, S. (2018). Contemporary stylistics. Language, cognition, interpretation. Edinburgh University Press.
  • Gilleman, L. (2002). John Osborne: A vituperative artist. Routledge.
  • Grice, H. P. (1975) Logic and conversation. Ed. Cole, P. & Morgan, L. in Syntax and Semantics Volume 3. Academic Press.
  • Grice, H. P. (1991). Studies in the way of words. Harvard University Press.
  • Herman, V. (2002). Turn management in drama. In J. Culpeper, M. Short, & P. Verdonk (Eds.), Exploring the language of drama: from text to context. (pp. 19-33). Taylor & Francis e-library.
  • İşci, V. (2022). Stylistic analyses of Philip Larkin's Ambulances and Harold Pinter's Victoria Station. RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi, (31), 1401-1419. DOI: 10.29000/rumelide.1222297.
  • Jeffries, L. (2017). Stylistics. Obo in Victorian literature. Doi: 10.1093/obo/9780190221911-0048
  • Kadhim, H. A., & Mohammed, W. S. M. (2021). Aggressive Language in Literature: a pragmatic approach. Arab World English Journal, 12(4), 224-242. Doi: 10.24093/awej/vol12no4.16
  • Kalaba, J. (2014). Sarcastic intertextualities as ‘Angry Speech’ in John Osborne’s Look Back in Anger. Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi, 54(1), 309-320. Doi: 10.1201/dtcfder_0000001383
  • Leech, G. N. & Short, M. H. (1994). Style in fiction: A linguistic introduction to English fictional prose (11. Impr.). Longman.
  • Levinson, S. C. (1983). Pragmatics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
  • May, W. (2010). Postwar literature 1950 to 1990. Pearson Longman.
  • Mills, S. (1998). Feminist stylistics. Routledge.
  • Rabey, D., I. (2003). English drama since 1940. Pearson.
  • Short, M. (2005). Discourse analysis and the analysis of drama. In R. Carter& P. Simpson (Eds), Language, discourse and literature: An introductory course stylistics. (pp. 137-168). Routledge.
  • Simpson, P. (2004). Stylistics: A resource book for students. Routledge.
  • Wolfreys J., Robbins R. & Womack K. (2006). Key concepts in literary theory (2nd ed.) Edinburgh University Press.
  • Yule, G. (2020). The study on language. (Seventh Edition). Cambridge University Press.
There are 24 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects British and Irish Language, Literature and Culture, Literary Studies (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Samet Kalecik 0000-0002-5494-6470

Early Pub Date July 1, 2025
Publication Date June 30, 2025
Submission Date February 4, 2025
Acceptance Date June 11, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 19 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Kalecik, S. (2025). Conversational Maxims and Moments of Physical Violence in John Osborne’s Look Back in Anger. Cankaya University Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 19(1), 99-110. https://doi.org/10.47777/cankujhss.1633187

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