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The (Un)Healing Leprosy of Cresseid in Henryson’s Testament of Cresseid

Year 2025, Volume: 19 Issue: 1, 1 - 10, 30.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.47777/cankujhss.1731340

Abstract

Robert Henryson, the medieval Scottish poet, wrote the Testament of Cresseid as a sequel to Chaucer’s Troilus and Criseyde. Chaucer treated the disloyalty of Criseyde to Troilus with respect to the circumstances that did not put all the blame on her. Henryson, however, depicts Cresseid as an arrogant, lustful and disloyal character who behaves disrespectfully against Eros and Venus. She is punished for her sins by contracting leprosy and at the end of the poem, she is disfigured and when she begs for alms from Troilus he does not even recognize her. In the Middle Ages it was believed that moral depravity and spiritual corruption were the reasons for leprosy. It was strongly associated with pride and lustfulness. Hence, Cresseid’s pride and arrogance lead her to insult the gods and she was punished by leprosy. Her leprosy caused her disfigurement, that is, her bodily beauty, and her pride and arrogance were tamed when she had to beg for alms. Finally, at the end of the poem, which is specified to be a tragedy, she came to the realization of her fault and sins. Leprosy in the Middle Ages was also regarded as a divine favor, as it purified the soul and although the leper suffered bodily in this world s/he would win her/his wealth in the other world. In this poem, Henryson presents leprosy not only as an illness but employing medieval medical knowledge and myths turns the illness into a healing agent in the recognition and spiritual growth and perhaps salvation of Cresseid.

References

  • Acrene Riwle. (1955). The Acrene Riwle (M. B. Salu, Trans.). Burns and Oates.
  • Brody, S. N. (1974). The disease of the soul: Leprosy in medieval literature. Cornell University Press.
  • Chaucer, G. (1988). The Canterbury tales. In The Riverside Chaucer (3rd ed., pp. 23–328). Oxford University Press.
  • Chaucer, G. (1988). Troilus and Criseyde. In The Riverside Chaucer (3rd ed., pp. 473–585). Oxford University Press.
  • Evans, J., & Serjeantson, M. S. (1933). English medieval lapidaries. Oxford University Press, (EETS).
  • Godman, P. (1984). Henryson’s masterpiece. The Review of English Studies, 35(139), 291–300. https://doi.org/10.1093/res/XXXV.139.291.
  • Gray, D. (1979). Robert Henryson. Brill.
  • Hartnoll, P. (1968). A concise history of the theatre. Thames and Hudson.
  • Henryson, R. (1987). Testament of Cresseid. In D. Fox (Ed.), The poems (pp. 111–131). Clarendon.
  • Hudson, E. H. (1972). Diagnosing a case of venereal disease in fifteenth century Scotland. British Journal of Venereal Disease, 48, 146–153.
  • MacQueen, J. (1967). Robert Henryson: A study of the major narrative poems. Oxford University Press.
  • Nikiforuk, A. (2000). Mahşerin dördüncü atlısı: Salgın ve bulaşıcı hastalıklar tarihi (S. Erkanlı, Trans.). İletişim. (Original work published as The Fourth Horseman: A Short History of Plagues, Scourges and Emerging Viruses).
  • Parkinson, D. J. (1991). Henryson’s Scottish tragedy. The Chaucer Review, 25(4), 355–362.
  • Parr, J. (1945). Cresseid’s leprosy again. Modern Language Notes, 60(7), 487–491.
  • Rawcliffe, C. (1995). Medicine and society in later medieval England. Allon Sutton Publishing.
  • Rawcliffe, C. (2006). Leprosy in medieval England. Boydell.
  • Richards, J. (1990). Sex, dissidence and damnation: Minority groups in the Middle Ages. Routledge.
  • Rowland, B. (1963–1964). The “seiknes incurabill” in Henryson’s Testament of Cresseid. English Language Notes, 1, 175–177.
  • Stearns, W. M. (1944). Robert Henryson and the lepper Cresseid. Modern Language Notes, 59(4), 265–269.
  • Wickham, G. (1974). The medieval theatre. Weidenfeld and Nicolson.

Henryson’un Testament of Cresseid Eserinde Cresseid Karakterinin Cüzzam Hastalığı

Year 2025, Volume: 19 Issue: 1, 1 - 10, 30.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.47777/cankujhss.1731340

Abstract

Ortaçağ İskoç şairlerinden Robert Henryson Testament of Cresseid eserini Chaucer’in Troilus and Criseyde eserinin devamı olarak yazmıştır. Chaucer eserinde Criseyde’nin Troilus’a olan sadakatsizliğinde koşulları düşünerek onu çok suçlamaz. Buna karşın Henryson kendi eserinde Cresseid’i Eros ve Venüse karşı saygısızca davranan, kibirli, şehvet dolu ve sadakatsiz bir karakter olarak çizer. Bu günahlarının bir cezası olarak eserin sonunda cüzzam hastalığına yakalanır ve hayatta kalabilmek için dilenirken onu gören Troilus onu tanıyamaz. Ortaçağ’da, cüzzamın ahlaki çöküş ve dini değerlerin kaybından kaynaklandığına inanılırdı ve kibir ve şehvetle özellikle ilişkilendirilirdi. Cresseid’in kibir ve gururu onun tanrılara hakaret etmesine yol açmış ve kendisi cüzzam hastalığı ile cezalandırılmıştı. Cüzzam onun güzelliğini bozmuş, hayatta kalabilmek için dilenmeye başlamış ve böylece onun kibir ve gururu bir şekilde dize getirilmişti. Eserin son kısmında ifade edildiği şekliyle, bu trajedinin sonunda o günahlarını ve hatalarını idrak eder. Ortaçağ’da cüzzam aynı zamanda tanrının bir lütfu olarak da tanımlanmaktaydı, çünkü bu hastalık ruhu arındırıyordu ve ayrıca bu dünyada cefa çekildiğinden öbür dünyada hastalar ödüllendirilecekti. Henryson bu eserinde Ortaçağ’da geçerli olan tıbbi bilgileri ve inançları da kullanarak cüzzamı hem bir hastalık olarak işler hem de Cresseid’in günahlarını anlamasına yardımcı olan ve böylece ruhen aydınlanmasını sağlayan bir sağaltıcı olarak sunar.

References

  • Acrene Riwle. (1955). The Acrene Riwle (M. B. Salu, Trans.). Burns and Oates.
  • Brody, S. N. (1974). The disease of the soul: Leprosy in medieval literature. Cornell University Press.
  • Chaucer, G. (1988). The Canterbury tales. In The Riverside Chaucer (3rd ed., pp. 23–328). Oxford University Press.
  • Chaucer, G. (1988). Troilus and Criseyde. In The Riverside Chaucer (3rd ed., pp. 473–585). Oxford University Press.
  • Evans, J., & Serjeantson, M. S. (1933). English medieval lapidaries. Oxford University Press, (EETS).
  • Godman, P. (1984). Henryson’s masterpiece. The Review of English Studies, 35(139), 291–300. https://doi.org/10.1093/res/XXXV.139.291.
  • Gray, D. (1979). Robert Henryson. Brill.
  • Hartnoll, P. (1968). A concise history of the theatre. Thames and Hudson.
  • Henryson, R. (1987). Testament of Cresseid. In D. Fox (Ed.), The poems (pp. 111–131). Clarendon.
  • Hudson, E. H. (1972). Diagnosing a case of venereal disease in fifteenth century Scotland. British Journal of Venereal Disease, 48, 146–153.
  • MacQueen, J. (1967). Robert Henryson: A study of the major narrative poems. Oxford University Press.
  • Nikiforuk, A. (2000). Mahşerin dördüncü atlısı: Salgın ve bulaşıcı hastalıklar tarihi (S. Erkanlı, Trans.). İletişim. (Original work published as The Fourth Horseman: A Short History of Plagues, Scourges and Emerging Viruses).
  • Parkinson, D. J. (1991). Henryson’s Scottish tragedy. The Chaucer Review, 25(4), 355–362.
  • Parr, J. (1945). Cresseid’s leprosy again. Modern Language Notes, 60(7), 487–491.
  • Rawcliffe, C. (1995). Medicine and society in later medieval England. Allon Sutton Publishing.
  • Rawcliffe, C. (2006). Leprosy in medieval England. Boydell.
  • Richards, J. (1990). Sex, dissidence and damnation: Minority groups in the Middle Ages. Routledge.
  • Rowland, B. (1963–1964). The “seiknes incurabill” in Henryson’s Testament of Cresseid. English Language Notes, 1, 175–177.
  • Stearns, W. M. (1944). Robert Henryson and the lepper Cresseid. Modern Language Notes, 59(4), 265–269.
  • Wickham, G. (1974). The medieval theatre. Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
There are 20 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects British and Irish Language, Literature and Culture
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Burçin Erol

Early Pub Date July 1, 2025
Publication Date June 30, 2025
Submission Date February 23, 2025
Acceptance Date May 10, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 19 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Erol, B. (2025). The (Un)Healing Leprosy of Cresseid in Henryson’s Testament of Cresseid. Cankaya University Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 19(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.47777/cankujhss.1731340

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